سورة النساء
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن
نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا
وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا
2
وَآتُوا الْيَتَامَى أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا الْخَبِيثَ
بِالطَّيِّبِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حُوبًا
كَبِيرًا
3
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانكِحُوا مَا
طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا
تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا
تَعُولُوا
4
وَآتُوا النِّسَاءَ صَدُقَاتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن
شَيْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيئًا مَّرِيئًا
5
وَلَا تُؤْتُوا السُّفَهَاءَ أَمْوَالَكُمُ الَّتِي جَعَلَ اللَّهُ
لَكُمْ قِيَامًا وَارْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَاكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا
مَّعْرُوفًا
6
وَابْتَلُوا الْيَتَامَى حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغُوا النِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ
آنَسْتُم مِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَادْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَا
إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن
كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَا دَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ
أَمْوَالَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا
7
لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ
وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ
مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا
8
وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى
وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُم مِّنْهُ وَقُولُوا لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا
9
وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً
ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا
10
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا
يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا
11
يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ
الْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ
وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا
السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُ وَلَدٌ
وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ
السُّدُسُ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَاؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَاؤُكُمْ
لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
12
وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُنَّ
وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْنَ مِن بَعْدِ
وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِينَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِن لَّمْ
يَكُن لَّكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُم
مِّن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوصُونَ بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ وَإِن كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلَالَةً
أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ فَإِن
كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ
يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ وَصِيَّةً مِّنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ
حَلِيمٌ
13
تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ
جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ
الْعَظِيمُ
14
وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ
نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ
15
وَاللَّاتِي يَأْتِينَ الْفَاحِشَةَ مِن نِّسَائِكُمْ فَاسْتَشْهِدُوا
عَلَيْهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةً مِّنكُمْ فَإِن شَهِدُوا فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ فِي الْبُيُوتِ حَتَّى
يَتَوَفَّاهُنَّ الْمَوْتُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لَهُنَّ سَبِيلًا
16
وَاللَّذَانِ يَأْتِيَانِهَا مِنكُمْ فَآذُوهُمَا فَإِن تَابَا
وَأَصْلَحَا فَأَعْرِضُوا عَنْهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ تَوَّابًا رَّحِيمًا
17
إِنَّمَا التَّوْبَةُ عَلَى اللَّهِ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السُّوءَ
بِجَهَالَةٍ ثُمَّ يَتُوبُونَ مِن قَرِيبٍ فَأُولَئِكَ يَتُوبُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
18
وَلَيْسَتِ التَّوْبَةُ لِلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ السَّيِّئَاتِ حَتَّى
إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ إِنِّي تُبْتُ الْآنَ وَلَا الَّذِينَ
يَمُوتُونَ وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ أُولَئِكَ أَعْتَدْنَا لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
19
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَحِلُّ لَكُمْ أَن تَرِثُوا
النِّسَاءَ كَرْهًا وَلَا تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ لِتَذْهَبُوا بِبَعْضِ مَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ
إِلَّا أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِن
كَرِهْتُمُوهُنَّ فَعَسَى أَن تَكْرَهُوا شَيْئًا وَيَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ خَيْرًا
كَثِيرًا
20
وَإِنْ أَرَدتُّمُ اسْتِبْدَالَ زَوْجٍ مَّكَانَ زَوْجٍ وَآتَيْتُمْ
إِحْدَاهُنَّ قِنطَارًا فَلَا تَأْخُذُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا أَتَأْخُذُونَهُ بُهْتَانًا
وَإِثْمًا مُّبِينًا
21
وَكَيْفَ تَأْخُذُونَهُ وَقَدْ أَفْضَى بَعْضُكُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ
وَأَخَذْنَ مِنكُم مِّيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا
22
وَلَا تَنكِحُوا مَا نَكَحَ آبَاؤُكُم مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا
قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَمَقْتًا وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا
23
حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ
وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الْأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الْأُخْتِ وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ
اللَّاتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَائِكُمْ
وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّاتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَائِكُمُ اللَّاتِي دَخَلْتُم
بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُوا دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَحَلَائِلُ
أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَابِكُمْ وَأَن تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ
إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
24
وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ
كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَأُحِلَّ لَكُم مَّا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكُمْ أَن تَبْتَغُوا
بِأَمْوَالِكُم مُّحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ فَمَا اسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهِ مِنْهُنَّ
فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا تَرَاضَيْتُم بِهِ
مِن بَعْدِ الْفَرِيضَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
25
وَمَن لَّمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنكُمْ طَوْلًا أَن يَنكِحَ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ
الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ فَمِن مَّا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُم مِّن فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ
وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِإِيمَانِكُم بَعْضُكُم مِّن بَعْضٍ فَانكِحُوهُنَّ بِإِذْنِ
أَهْلِهِنَّ وَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ مُحْصَنَاتٍ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحَاتٍ
وَلَا مُتَّخِذَاتِ أَخْدَانٍ فَإِذَا أُحْصِنَّ فَإِنْ أَتَيْنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ
فَعَلَيْهِنَّ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ خَشِيَ
الْعَنَتَ مِنكُمْ وَأَن تَصْبِرُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
26
يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ الَّذِينَ
مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
27
وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ
يَتَّبِعُونَ الشَّهَوَاتِ أَن تَمِيلُوا مَيْلًا عَظِيمًا
28
يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ وَخُلِقَ الْإِنسَانُ
ضَعِيفًا
29
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُم بَيْنَكُم
بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَن تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنكُمْ وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا
أَنفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا
30
وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ عُدْوَانًا وَظُلْمًا فَسَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِ نَارًا
وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
31
إِن تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبَائِرَ مَا تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنكُمْ
سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُم مُّدْخَلًا كَرِيمًا
32
وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا مَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبُوا وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا اكْتَسَبْنَ
وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا
33
وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ
وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ إِنَّ
اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدًا
34
الرِّجَالُ قَوَّامُونَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ
بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَبِمَا أَنفَقُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَالصَّالِحَاتُ
قَانِتَاتٌ حَافِظَاتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ اللَّهُ وَاللَّاتِي تَخَافُونَ
نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِي الْمَضَاجِعِ وَاضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ
أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا
كَبِيرًا
35
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِّنْ
أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا إِن يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللَّهُ
بَيْنَهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا
36
وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ
إِحْسَانًا وَبِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْجَارِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى
وَالْجَارِ الْجُنُبِ وَالصَّاحِبِ بِالْجَنبِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ
أَيْمَانُكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا
37
الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ
وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا
مُّهِينًا
38
وَالَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا
يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَن يَكُنِ الشَّيْطَانُ لَهُ
قَرِينًا فَسَاءَ قَرِينًا
39
وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ
وَأَنفَقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا
40
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةً
يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
41
فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْنَا مِن كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ بِشَهِيدٍ وَجِئْنَا بِكَ
عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ شَهِيدًا
42
يَوْمَئِذٍ يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَعَصَوُا الرَّسُولَ لَوْ
تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الْأَرْضُ وَلَا يَكْتُمُونَ اللَّهَ حَدِيثًا
43
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْرَبُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَنتُمْ
سُكَارَى حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا مَا تَقُولُونَ وَلَا جُنُبًا إِلَّا عَابِرِي سَبِيلٍ
حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلُوا وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم
مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا
صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ
عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا
44
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِّنَ الْكِتَابِ
يَشْتَرُونَ الضَّلَالَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن تَضِلُّوا السَّبِيلَ
45
وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِأَعْدَائِكُمْ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَلِيًّا
وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ نَصِيرًا
46
مِّنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَن مَّوَاضِعِهِ
وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ وَرَاعِنَا لَيًّا
بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّينِ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا
وَأَطَعْنَا وَاسْمَعْ وَانظُرْنَا لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ وَأَقْوَمَ وَلَكِن
لَّعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
47
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ آمِنُوا بِمَا نَزَّلْنَا
مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا مَعَكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن نَّطْمِسَ وُجُوهًا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَى
أَدْبَارِهَا أَوْ نَلْعَنَهُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَّا أَصْحَابَ السَّبْتِ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ
اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا
48
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ
ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَى إِثْمًا عَظِيمًا
49
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنفُسَهُم بَلِ اللَّهُ
يُزَكِّي مَن يَشَاءُ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا
50
انظُرْ كَيْفَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ وَكَفَى بِهِ
إِثْمًا مُّبِينًا
51
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِّنَ الْكِتَابِ
يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْجِبْتِ وَالطَّاغُوتِ وَيَقُولُونَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا هَؤُلَاءِ
أَهْدَى مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا سَبِيلًا
52
أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَمَن يَلْعَنِ اللَّهُ فَلَن
تَجِدَ لَهُ نَصِيرًا
53
أَمْ لَهُمْ نَصِيبٌ مِّنَ الْمُلْكِ فَإِذًا لَّا يُؤْتُونَ النَّاسَ
نَقِيرًا
54
أَمْ يَحْسُدُونَ النَّاسَ عَلَى مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِن فَضْلِهِ
فَقَدْ آتَيْنَا آلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَآتَيْنَاهُم مُّلْكًا
عَظِيمًا
55
فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَمِنْهُم مَّن صَدَّ عَنْهُ وَكَفَى
بِجَهَنَّمَ سَعِيرًا
56
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِآيَاتِنَا سَوْفَ نُصْلِيهِمْ نَارًا
كُلَّمَا نَضِجَتْ جُلُودُهُم بَدَّلْنَاهُمْ جُلُودًا غَيْرَهَا لِيَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا
57
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ
تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا لَّهُمْ فِيهَا أَزْوَاجٌ
مُّطَهَّرَةٌ وَنُدْخِلُهُمْ ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا
58
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تُؤَدُّوا الْأَمَانَاتِ إِلَى
أَهْلِهَا وَإِذَا حَكَمْتُم بَيْنَ النَّاسِ أَن تَحْكُمُوا بِالْعَدْلِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ
نِعِمَّا يَعِظُكُم بِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
59
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا
الرَّسُولَ وَأُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنكُمْ فَإِن تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى
اللَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ إِن كُنتُمْ تُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ ذَلِكَ
خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا
60
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِمَا
أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَتَحَاكَمُوا إِلَى
الطَّاغُوتِ وَقَدْ أُمِرُوا أَن يَكْفُرُوا بِهِ وَيُرِيدُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَن
يُضِلَّهُمْ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
61
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا إِلَى مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ وَإِلَى
الرَّسُولِ رَأَيْتَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَصُدُّونَ عَنكَ صُدُودًا
62
فَكَيْفَ إِذَا أَصَابَتْهُم مُّصِيبَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ
ثُمَّ جَاءُوكَ يَحْلِفُونَ بِاللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَدْنَا إِلَّا إِحْسَانًا
وَتَوْفِيقًا
63
أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ فَأَعْرِضْ
عَنْهُمْ وَعِظْهُمْ وَقُل لَّهُمْ فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَوْلًا بَلِيغًا
64
وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلَّا لِيُطَاعَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ
وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ إِذ ظَّلَمُوا أَنفُسَهُمْ جَاءُوكَ فَاسْتَغْفَرُوا اللَّهَ
وَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُمُ الرَّسُولُ لَوَجَدُوا اللَّهَ تَوَّابًا رَّحِيمًا
65
فَلَا وَرَبِّكَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ حَتَّى يُحَكِّمُوكَ فِيمَا شَجَرَ
بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَجِدُوا فِي أَنفُسِهِمْ حَرَجًا مِّمَّا قَضَيْتَ وَيُسَلِّمُوا
تَسْلِيمًا
66
وَلَوْ أَنَّا كَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اقْتُلُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ أَوِ
اخْرُجُوا مِن دِيَارِكُم مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌ مِّنْهُمْ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ
فَعَلُوا مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَّهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ تَثْبِيتًا
67
وَإِذًا لَّآتَيْنَاهُم مِّن لَّدُنَّا أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
68
وَلَهَدَيْنَاهُمْ صِرَاطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا
69
وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ فَأُولَئِكَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ
أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَالصِّدِّيقِينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ
وَالصَّالِحِينَ وَحَسُنَ أُولَئِكَ رَفِيقًا
70
ذَلِكَ الْفَضْلُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ عَلِيمًا
71
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا خُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ فَانفِرُوا ثُبَاتٍ
أَوِ انفِرُوا جَمِيعًا
72
وَإِنَّ مِنكُمْ لَمَن لَّيُبَطِّئَنَّ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةٌ
قَالَ قَدْ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ إِذْ لَمْ أَكُن مَّعَهُمْ شَهِيدًا
73
وَلَئِنْ أَصَابَكُمْ فَضْلٌ مِّنَ اللَّهِ لَيَقُولَنَّ كَأَن لَّمْ
تَكُن بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ مَوَدَّةٌ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَفُوزَ فَوْزًا
عَظِيمًا
74
فَلْيُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَشْرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ
الدُّنْيَا بِالْآخِرَةِ وَمَن يُقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيُقْتَلْ أَوْ يَغْلِبْ
فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
75
وَمَا لَكُمْ لَا تُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْوِلْدَانِ الَّذِينَ يَقُولُونَ
رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْقَرْيَةِ الظَّالِمِ أَهْلُهَا وَاجْعَل لَّنَا مِن
لَّدُنكَ وَلِيًّا وَاجْعَل لَّنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ نَصِيرًا
76
الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا يُقَاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ الطَّاغُوتِ فَقَاتِلُوا أَوْلِيَاءَ الشَّيْطَانِ
إِنَّ كَيْدَ الشَّيْطَانِ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا
77
أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ قِيلَ لَهُمْ كُفُّوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ
وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَآتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَلَمَّا كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقِتَالُ إِذَا
فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ النَّاسَ كَخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ خَشْيَةً
وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا لِمَ كَتَبْتَ عَلَيْنَا الْقِتَالَ لَوْلَا أَخَّرْتَنَا إِلَى
أَجَلٍ قَرِيبٍ قُلْ مَتَاعُ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلٌ وَالْآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِّمَنِ اتَّقَى
وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا
78
أَيْنَمَا تَكُونُوا يُدْرِككُّمُ الْمَوْتُ وَلَوْ كُنتُمْ فِي
بُرُوجٍ مُّشَيَّدَةٍ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ حَسَنَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَذِهِ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ
وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ يَقُولُوا هَذِهِ مِنْ عِندِكَ قُلْ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ
اللَّهِ فَمَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ لَا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ حَدِيثًا
79
مَّا أَصَابَكَ مِنْ حَسَنَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَا أَصَابَكَ مِن
سَيِّئَةٍ فَمِن نَّفْسِكَ وَأَرْسَلْنَاكَ لِلنَّاسِ رَسُولًا وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ
شَهِيدًا
80
مَّن يُطِعِ الرَّسُولَ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَن تَوَلَّى فَمَا
أَرْسَلْنَاكَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَفِيظًا
81
وَيَقُولُونَ طَاعَةٌ فَإِذَا بَرَزُوا مِنْ عِندِكَ بَيَّتَ طَائِفَةٌ
مِّنْهُمْ غَيْرَ الَّذِي تَقُولُ وَاللَّهُ يَكْتُبُ مَا يُبَيِّتُونَ فَأَعْرِضْ
عَنْهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
82
أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ
اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كَثِيرًا
83
وَإِذَا جَاءَهُمْ أَمْرٌ مِّنَ الْأَمْنِ أَوِ الْخَوْفِ أَذَاعُوا
بِهِ وَلَوْ رَدُّوهُ إِلَى الرَّسُولِ وَإِلَى أُولِي الْأَمْرِ مِنْهُمْ لَعَلِمَهُ
الَّذِينَ يَسْتَنبِطُونَهُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ
لَاتَّبَعْتُمُ الشَّيْطَانَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
84
فَقَاتِلْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَا تُكَلَّفُ إِلَّا نَفْسَكَ
وَحَرِّضِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَكُفَّ بَأْسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا
وَاللَّهُ أَشَدُّ بَأْسًا وَأَشَدُّ تَنكِيلًا
85
مَّن يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً حَسَنَةً يَكُن لَّهُ نَصِيبٌ مِّنْهَا وَمَن
يَشْفَعْ شَفَاعَةً سَيِّئَةً يَكُن لَّهُ كِفْلٌ مِّنْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ
شَيْءٍ مُّقِيتًا
86
وَإِذَا حُيِّيتُم بِتَحِيَّةٍ فَحَيُّوا بِأَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا أَوْ
رُدُّوهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ حَسِيبًا
87
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ
الْقِيَامَةِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَدِيثًا
88
فَمَا لَكُمْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِئَتَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ أَرْكَسَهُم
بِمَا كَسَبُوا أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَهْدُوا مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ
فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا
89
وَدُّوا لَوْ تَكْفُرُونَ كَمَا كَفَرُوا فَتَكُونُونَ سَوَاءً فَلَا
تَتَّخِذُوا مِنْهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ حَتَّى يُهَاجِرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَإِن
تَوَلَّوْا فَخُذُوهُمْ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوا
مِنْهُمْ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
90
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ إِلَى قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم
مِّيثَاقٌ أَوْ جَاءُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ أَن يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ أَوْ يُقَاتِلُوا
قَوْمَهُمْ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَسَلَّطَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقَاتَلُوكُمْ فَإِنِ
اعْتَزَلُوكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ وَأَلْقَوْا إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ فَمَا جَعَلَ
اللَّهُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلًا
91
سَتَجِدُونَ آخَرِينَ يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَأْمَنُوكُمْ وَيَأْمَنُوا
قَوْمَهُمْ كُلَّ مَا رُدُّوا إِلَى الْفِتْنَةِ أُرْكِسُوا فِيهَا فَإِن لَّمْ
يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ وَيُلْقُوا إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ وَيَكُفُّوا أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَخُذُوهُمْ
وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأُولَئِكُمْ جَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ
سُلْطَانًا مُّبِينًا
92
وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ أَن يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَأً وَمَن
قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى
أَهْلِهِ إِلَّا أَن يَصَّدَّقُوا فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّكُمْ وَهُوَ
مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ
وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ
مُّؤْمِنَةٍ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِّنَ
اللَّهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
93
وَمَن يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ
خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُ عَذَابًا
عَظِيمًا
94
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ
فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا
تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِندَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ
كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ فَتَبَيَّنُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا
95
لَّا يَسْتَوِي الْقَاعِدُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ غَيْرُ أُولِي
الضَّرَرِ وَالْمُجَاهِدُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فَضَّلَ
اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ عَلَى الْقَاعِدِينَ دَرَجَةً
وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الْحُسْنَى وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ عَلَى
الْقَاعِدِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
96
دَرَجَاتٍ مِّنْهُ وَمَغْفِرَةً وَرَحْمَةً وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا
رَّحِيمًا
97
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ
قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ
تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا فَأُولَئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ
جَهَنَّمُ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا
98
إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ
وَالْوِلْدَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا
99
فَأُولَئِكَ عَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ
عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا
100
وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا
كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ
غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
101
وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن
تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَن يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِنَّ
الْكَافِرِينَ كَانُوا لَكُمْ عَدُوًّا مُّبِينًا
102
وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ
طَائِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا
فَلْيَكُونُوا مِن وَرَائِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى لَمْ يُصَلُّوا
فَلْيُصَلُّوا مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ الَّذِينَ
كَفَرُوا لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم
مَّيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ
كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَن تَضَعُوا أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ
لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا
103
فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ قِيَامًا
وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَى جُنُوبِكُمْ فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ إِنَّ
الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَّوْقُوتًا
104
وَلَا تَهِنُوا فِي ابْتِغَاءِ الْقَوْمِ إِن تَكُونُوا تَأْلَمُونَ
فَإِنَّهُمْ يَأْلَمُونَ كَمَا تَأْلَمُونَ وَتَرْجُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَرْجُونَ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
105
إِنَّا أَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِتَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ
النَّاسِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَكُن لِّلْخَائِنِينَ خَصِيمًا
106
وَاسْتَغْفِرِ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
107
وَلَا تُجَادِلْ عَنِ الَّذِينَ يَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَهُمْ إِنَّ
اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ خَوَّانًا أَثِيمًا
108
يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يَسْتَخْفُونَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ
مَعَهُمْ إِذْ يُبَيِّتُونَ مَا لَا يَرْضَى مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا
يَعْمَلُونَ مُحِيطًا
109
هَا أَنتُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ جَادَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ
الدُّنْيَا فَمَن يُجَادِلُ اللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَم مَّن يَكُونُ
عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًا
110
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا أَوْ يَظْلِمْ نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسْتَغْفِرِ
اللَّهَ يَجِدِ اللَّهَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
111
وَمَن يَكْسِبْ إِثْمًا فَإِنَّمَا يَكْسِبُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَكَانَ
اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
112
وَمَن يَكْسِبْ خَطِيئَةً أَوْ إِثْمًا ثُمَّ يَرْمِ بِهِ بَرِيئًا
فَقَدِ احْتَمَلَ بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُّبِينًا
113
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَتُهُ لَهَمَّت طَّائِفَةٌ
مِّنْهُمْ أَن يُضِلُّوكَ وَمَا يُضِلُّونَ إِلَّا أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَضُرُّونَكَ مِن
شَيْءٍ وَأَنزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَعَلَّمَكَ مَا لَمْ تَكُن
تَعْلَمُ وَكَانَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكَ عَظِيمًا
114
لَّا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِّن نَّجْوَاهُمْ إِلَّا مَنْ أَمَرَ
بِصَدَقَةٍ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ إِصْلَاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَمَن يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ
ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
115
وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الْهُدَى
وَيَتَّبِعْ غَيْرَ سَبِيلِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى وَنُصْلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ
وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا
116
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ
ذَلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
117
إِن يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ إِلَّا إِنَاثًا وَإِن يَدْعُونَ إِلَّا
شَيْطَانًا مَّرِيدًا
118
لَّعَنَهُ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ لَأَتَّخِذَنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِكَ نَصِيبًا
مَّفْرُوضًا
119
وَلَأُضِلَّنَّهُمْ وَلَأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمْ وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ
فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ آذَانَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَلَآمُرَنَّهُمْ فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللَّهِ
وَمَن يَتَّخِذِ الشَّيْطَانَ وَلِيًّا مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ خَسِرَ خُسْرَانًا
مُّبِينًا
120
يَعِدُهُمْ وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا
غُرُورًا
121
أُولَئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ عَنْهَا
مَحِيصًا
122
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ
جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا وَعْدَ اللَّهِ
حَقًّا وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ قِيلًا
123
لَّيْسَ بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ وَلَا أَمَانِيِّ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مَن
يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا يُجْزَ بِهِ وَلَا يَجِدْ لَهُ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا
نَصِيرًا
124
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ مِن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَى وَهُوَ
مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ نَقِيرًا
125
وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ دِينًا مِّمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ وَهُوَ
مُحْسِنٌ وَاتَّبَعَ مِلَّةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَنِيفًا وَاتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
خَلِيلًا
126
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ
بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ مُّحِيطًا
127
وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ فِي النِّسَاءِ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِيهِنَّ
وَمَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ فِي يَتَامَى النِّسَاءِ اللَّاتِي لَا
تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ مَا كُتِبَ لَهُنَّ وَتَرْغَبُونَ أَن تَنكِحُوهُنَّ
وَالْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ وَأَن تَقُومُوا لِلْيَتَامَى بِالْقِسْطِ وَمَا
تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِهِ عَلِيمًا
128
وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِن بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا
فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَن يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ
وَأُحْضِرَتِ الْأَنفُسُ الشُّحَّ وَإِن تُحْسِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ
بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا
129
وَلَن تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَن تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَلَوْ
حَرَصْتُمْ فَلَا تَمِيلُوا كُلَّ الْمَيْلِ فَتَذَرُوهَا كَالْمُعَلَّقَةِ وَإِن
تُصْلِحُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
130
وَإِن يَتَفَرَّقَا يُغْنِ اللَّهُ كُلًّا مِّن سَعَتِهِ وَكَانَ
اللَّهُ وَاسِعًا حَكِيمًا
131
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَقَدْ
وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ اتَّقُوا
اللَّهَ وَإِن تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا
132
وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَكَفَى
بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
133
إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَيَأْتِ بِآخَرِينَ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَدِيرًا
134
مَّن كَانَ يُرِيدُ ثَوَابَ الدُّنْيَا فَعِندَ اللَّهِ ثَوَابُ
الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
135
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ
شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِن
يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى
أَن تَعْدِلُوا وَإِن تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ
خَبِيرًا
136
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ
وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ
وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ
فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
137
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا ثُمَّ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا
ثُمَّ ازْدَادُوا كُفْرًا لَّمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ
سَبِيلًا
138
بَشِّرِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
139
الَّذِينَ يَتَّخِذُونَ الْكَافِرِينَ أَوْلِيَاءَ مِن دُونِ
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيَبْتَغُونَ عِندَهُمُ الْعِزَّةَ فَإِنَّ الْعِزَّةَ لِلَّهِ
جَمِيعًا
140
وَقَدْ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي الْكِتَابِ أَنْ إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ
آيَاتِ اللَّهِ يُكْفَرُ بِهَا وَيُسْتَهْزَأُ بِهَا فَلَا تَقْعُدُوا مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى
يَخُوضُوا فِي حَدِيثٍ غَيْرِهِ إِنَّكُمْ إِذًا مِّثْلُهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَامِعُ
الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْكَافِرِينَ فِي جَهَنَّمَ جَمِيعًا
141
الَّذِينَ يَتَرَبَّصُونَ بِكُمْ فَإِن كَانَ لَكُمْ فَتْحٌ مِّنَ
اللَّهِ قَالُوا أَلَمْ نَكُن مَّعَكُمْ وَإِن كَانَ لِلْكَافِرِينَ نَصِيبٌ قَالُوا
أَلَمْ نَسْتَحْوِذْ عَلَيْكُمْ وَنَمْنَعْكُم مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ
بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَن يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى
الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا
142
إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ خَادِعُهُمْ
وَإِذَا قَامُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ قَامُوا كُسَالَى يُرَاءُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَا
يَذْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
143
مُّذَبْذَبِينَ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ لَا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ وَلَا إِلَى
هَؤُلَاءِ وَمَن يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُ سَبِيلًا
144
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْكَافِرِينَ
أَوْلِيَاءَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَن تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ
سُلْطَانًا مُّبِينًا
145
إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِي الدَّرْكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَلَن
تَجِدَ لَهُمْ نَصِيرًا
146
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَأَصْلَحُوا وَاعْتَصَمُوا بِاللَّهِ
وَأَخْلَصُوا دِينَهُمْ لِلَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ مَعَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَسَوْفَ يُؤْتِ
اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
147
مَّا يَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ بِعَذَابِكُمْ إِن شَكَرْتُمْ وَآمَنتُمْ
وَكَانَ اللَّهُ شَاكِرًا عَلِيمًا
148
لَّا يُحِبُّ اللَّهُ الْجَهْرَ بِالسُّوءِ مِنَ الْقَوْلِ إِلَّا مَن
ظُلِمَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ سَمِيعًا عَلِيمًا
149
إِن تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَن سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ
اللَّهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًا
150
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن
يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ اللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ نُؤْمِنُ بِبَعْضٍ وَنَكْفُرُ
بِبَعْضٍ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَن يَتَّخِذُوا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلًا
151
أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ حَقًّا وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ
عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا
152
وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ
أَحَدٍ مِّنْهُمْ أُولَئِكَ سَوْفَ يُؤْتِيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا
رَّحِيمًا
153
يَسْأَلُكَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَن تُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا
مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ فَقَدْ سَأَلُوا مُوسَى أَكْبَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا أَرِنَا اللَّهَ
جَهْرَةً فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ بِظُلْمِهِمْ ثُمَّ اتَّخَذُوا الْعِجْلَ مِن
بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ فَعَفَوْنَا عَن ذَلِكَ وَآتَيْنَا مُوسَى
سُلْطَانًا مُّبِينًا
154
وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَهُمُ الطُّورَ بِمِيثَاقِهِمْ وَقُلْنَا لَهُمُ
ادْخُلُوا الْبَابَ سُجَّدًا وَقُلْنَا لَهُمْ لَا تَعْدُوا فِي السَّبْتِ وَأَخَذْنَا
مِنْهُم مِّيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا
155
فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِم مِّيثَاقَهُمْ وَكُفْرِهِم بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ
وَقَتْلِهِمُ الْأَنبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَقَوْلِهِمْ قُلُوبُنَا غُلْفٌ بَلْ طَبَعَ
اللَّهُ عَلَيْهَا بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
156
وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَى مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا
157
وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ
رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ
الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مَا لَهُم بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا
اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا
158
بَل رَّفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا
حَكِيمًا
159
وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ
مَوْتِهِ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا
160
فَبِظُلْمٍ مِّنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا حَرَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ طَيِّبَاتٍ
أُحِلَّتْ لَهُمْ وَبِصَدِّهِمْ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ كَثِيرًا
161
وَأَخْذِهِمُ الرِّبَا وَقَدْ نُهُوا عَنْهُ وَأَكْلِهِمْ أَمْوَالَ
النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
162
لَّكِنِ الرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمْ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ
يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَالْمُقِيمِينَ
الصَّلَاةَ وَالْمُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ
أُولَئِكَ سَنُؤْتِيهِمْ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
163
إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ
وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ
وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ
وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا
164
وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَّمْ
نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا
165
رُّسُلًا مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ
عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا
166
لَّكِنِ اللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَا أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكَ أَنزَلَهُ
بِعِلْمِهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيدًا
167
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا
ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
168
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَظَلَمُوا لَمْ يَكُنِ اللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ
لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ طَرِيقًا
169
إِلَّا طَرِيقَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ
عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
170
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُمُ الرَّسُولُ بِالْحَقِّ مِن
رَّبِّكُمْ فَآمِنُوا خَيْرًا لَّكُمْ وَإِن تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي
السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
171
يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ لَا تَغْلُوا فِي دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا
عَلَى اللَّهِ إِلَّا الْحَقَّ إِنَّمَا الْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ
اللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُ أَلْقَاهَا إِلَى مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌ مِّنْهُ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ
وَرُسُلِهِ وَلَا تَقُولُوا ثَلَاثَةٌ انتَهُوا خَيْرًا لَّكُمْ إِنَّمَا اللَّهُ إِلَهٌ
وَاحِدٌ سُبْحَانَهُ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي
الْأَرْضِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
172
لَّن يَسْتَنكِفَ الْمَسِيحُ أَن يَكُونَ عَبْدًا لِّلَّهِ وَلَا
الْمَلَائِكَةُ الْمُقَرَّبُونَ وَمَن يَسْتَنكِفْ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِ وَيَسْتَكْبِرْ
فَسَيَحْشُرُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعًا
173
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ
أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِ وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ اسْتَنكَفُوا
وَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ
اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
174
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قَدْ جَاءَكُم بُرْهَانٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ
وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ نُورًا مُّبِينًا
175
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَاعْتَصَمُوا بِهِ
فَسَيُدْخِلُهُمْ فِي رَحْمَةٍ مِّنْهُ وَفَضْلٍ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ صِرَاطًا
مُّسْتَقِيمًا
176
يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ إِنِ
امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ
يَرِثُهَا إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا
الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانُوا إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَاءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ
مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ
شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ
Les femmes (An-Nisa’)
1
O hommes ! Craignez votre Seigneur qui vous a créés d’un seul être,
et a créé de celui-ci son épouse, et qui de ces deux là a fait répandre (sur la
terre) beaucoup d’hommes et de femmes. Craignez Allah au nom duquel vous vous
implorez les uns les autres, et craignez de rompre les liens du sang. Certes
Allah vous observe parfaitement.
2
Et donnez aux orphelins leurs biens ; n’y substituez pas le mauvais
au bon. Ne mangez pas leurs biens avec les vôtres : c’est vraiment un grand
péché.
3
Et si vous craignez de n’être pas justes envers les orphelins,...
Il est permis d’épouser deux, trois ou quatre, parmi les femmes qui vous
plaisent, mais, si vous craignez de n’être pas justes avec celles-ci, alors une
seule, ou des esclaves que vous possédez. Cela, afin de ne pas faire d’injustice
(ou afin de ne pas aggraver votre charge de famille).
4
Et donnez aux épouses leur mahr, de bonne grâce. Si de bon gré,
elles vous en abandonnent quelque chose, disposez-en alors à votre aise et de
bon cœur.
5
Et ne confiez pas aux incapables vos biens dont Allah a fait votre
subsistance. Mais prélevez-en, pour eux, nourriture et vêtement ; et parlez-leur
convenablement.
6
Et éprouvez (la capacité) des orphelins jusqu’à ce qu’ils
atteignent (l’aptitude) au mariage ; et si vous ressentez en eux une bonne
conduite, remettez-leur leurs biens. Ne les utilisez pas (dans votre intérêt)
avec gaspillage et dissipation, avant qu’ils ne grandissent. Quiconque est aisé,
qu’il s’abstienne d’en prendre lui-même. S’il est pauvre, alors qu’il en utilise
raisonnablement : et lorsque vous leur remettez leurs biens, prenez des témoins à
leur encontre. Mais Allah suffit pour observer et compter.
7
Aux hommes revient une part de ce qu’ont laissé les père et mère
ainsi que les proches ; et aux femmes une part de ce qu’ont laissé les père et
mère ainsi que les proches, que ce soit peu ou beaucoup : une part fixée.
8
Et lorsque les proches parents, les orphelins, les nécessiteux
assistent au partage, offrez-leur quelque chose de l’héritage, et parlez-leur
convenablement.
9
Que la crainte saisisse ceux qui laisseraient après eux une
descendance faible, et qui seraient inquiets à leur sujet ; qu’ils redoutent donc
Allah et qu’ils prononcent des paroles justes.
10
Ceux qui mangent [disposent] injustement des biens des orphelins
ne font que manger du feu dans leurs ventres. Ils brûleront bientôt dans les
flammes de l’Enfer.
11
Voici ce qu’Allah vous enjoint au sujet de vos enfants : au fils,
une part équivalente à celle de deux filles. S’il n’y a que des filles, même
plus de deux, à elles alors deux tiers de ce que le défunt laisse. Et s’il n’y
en a qu’une, à elle alors la moitié. Quant aux père et mère du défunt, à chacun
d’eux le sixième de ce qu’il laisse, s’il a un enfant. S’il n’a pas d’enfant et
que ses père et mère héritent de lui, à sa mère alors le tiers. Mais s’il a des
frères, à la mère alors le sixième, après exécution du testament qu’il aurait
fait ou paiement d’une dette. De vos ascendants ou descendants, vous ne savez
pas qui est plus près de vous en utilité. Ceci est un ordre obligatoire de la
part d’Allah, car Allah est, certes, Omniscient et Sage.
12
Et à vous la moitié de ce que laissent vos épouses, si elles
n’ont pas d’enfants. Si elles ont un enfant, alors à vous le quart de ce
qu’elles laissent, après exécution du testament qu’elles auraient fait ou
paiement d’une dette. Et à elles un quart de ce que vous laissez, si vous n’avez
pas d’enfant. Mais si vous avez un enfant, à elles alors le huitième de ce que
vous laissez après exécution du testament que vous auriez fait ou paiement d’une
dette. Et si un homme, ou une femme meurt sans héritier direct, cependant qu’il
laisse un frère ou une sœur, à chacun de ceux-ci alors, un sixième. S’ils sont
plus de deux, tous alors participeront au tiers, après exécution du testament ou
paiement d’une dette, sans préjudice à quiconque. (Telle est l’) Injonction
d’Allah ! Et Allah est Omniscient et Indulgent.
13
Tels sont les ordres d’Allah. Et quiconque obéit à Allah et à Son
messager, Il le fera entrer dans les Jardins sous lesquels coulent les
ruisseaux, pour y demeurer éternellement. Et voilà la grande réussite.
14
Et quiconque désobéit à Allah et à Son messager, et transgresse
Ses ordres, Il le fera entrer au Feu pour y demeurer éternellement. Et celui-là
aura un châtiment avilissant.
15
Celles de vos femmes qui forniquent, faites témoigner à leur
encontre quatre d’entre vous. S’ils témoignent, alors confinez ces femmes dans
vos maisons jusqu’à ce que la mort les rappelle ou qu’Allah décrète un autre
ordre à leur égard.
16
Les deux d’entre vous qui l’ont commise [la fornication],
sévissez contre eux. S’ils se repentent ensuite et se réforment, alors
laissez-les en paix. Allah demeure Accueillant au repentir et
Miséricordieux.
17
Allah accueille seulement le repentir de ceux qui font le mal par
ignorance et qui aussitôt se repentent. Voilà ceux de qui Allah accueille le
repentir. Et Allah est Omniscient et Sage.
18
Mais l’absolution n’est point destinée à ceux qui font de
mauvaises actions jusqu’au moment où la mort se présente à l’un d’eux, et qui
s’écrie : « Certes, je me repens maintenant » - non plus pour ceux qui meurent
mécréants. Et c’est pour eux que Nous avons préparé un châtiment douloureux.
19
O les croyants ! Il ne vous est pas licite d’hériter des femmes
contre leur gré. Ne les empêchez pas de se remarier dans le but de leur ravir
une partie de ce que vous aviez donné, à moins qu’elles ne viennent à commettre
un péché prouvé. Et comportez-vous convenablement envers elles. Si vous avez de
l’aversion envers elles durant la vie commune, il se peut que vous ayez de
l’aversion pour une chose où Allah a déposé un grand bien.
20
Si vous voulez substituer une épouse à une autre, et que vous
ayez donné à l’une un qintâr, n’en reprenez rien. Quoi ! Le reprendriez-vous par
injustice et péché manifeste ?
21
Comment oseriez-vous le reprendre, après que l’union la plus
intime vous ait associés l’un à l’autre et qu’elles aient obtenu de vous un
engagement solennel ?
22
Et n’épousez pas les femmes que vos pères ont épousées, exception
faite pour le passé. C’est une turpitude, une abomination, et quelle mauvaise
conduite !
23
Vous sont interdites vos mères, filles, sœurs, tantes paternelles
et tantes maternelles, filles d’un frère et filles d’une sœur, mères qui vous
ont allaités, sœurs de lait, mères de vos femmes, belles-filles sous votre
tutelle et issues des femmes avec qui vous avez consommé le mariage ; si le
mariage n’a pas été consommé, ceci n’est pas un péché de votre part ; les femmes
de vos fils nés de vos reins ; de même que deux sœurs réunies - exception faite
pour le passé. Car vraiment Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux ;
24
et, parmi les femmes, les dames (qui ont un mari), sauf si elles
sont vos esclaves en toute propriété. Prescription d’Allah sur vous ! A part
cela, il vous est permis de les rechercher, en vous servant de vos biens et en
concluant mariage, non en débauchés. Puis, de même que vous jouissez d’elles,
donnez-leur leur mahr comme une chose due. Il n’y a aucun péché contre vous à ce
que vous concluez un accord quelconque entre vous après la fixation du mahr Car
Allah est, certes, Omniscient et Sage.
25
Et quiconque parmi vous n’a pas les moyens pour épouser des
femmes libres (non esclaves) croyantes, eh bien (il peut épouser) une femme
parmi celles de vos esclaves croyantes. Allah connaît mieux votre foi, car vous
êtes les uns des autres (de la même religion). Et épousez-les avec
l’autorisation de leurs maîtres (Waliy) et donnez-leur un mahr convenable ;
(épousez-les) étant vertueuses et non pas livrées à la débauche ni ayant des
amants clandestins. Si, une fois engagées dans le mariage, elles commettent
l’adultère, elles reçoivent la moitié du châtiment qui revient aux femmes libres
(non esclaves) mariées. Ceci est autorisé à celui d’entre vous qui craint la
débauche ; mais ce serait mieux pour vous d’être endurant. Et Allah est
Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
26
Allah veut vous éclairer, vous montrer les voies des hommes
d’avant vous, et aussi accueillir votre repentir. Et Allah est Omniscient et
Sage.
27
Et Allah veut accueillir votre repentir. Mais ceux qui suivent
les passions veulent que vous vous incliniez grandement (vers l’erreur comme ils
le font).
28
Allah veut vous alléger (les obligations,) car l’homme a été créé
faible.
29
O les croyants ! Que les uns d’entre vous ne mangent pas les biens
des autres illégalement. Mais qu’il y ait du négoce (légal), entre vous, par
consentement mutuel. Et ne vous tuez pas vous-mêmes. Allah, en vérité, est
Miséricordieux envers vous.
30
Et quiconque commet cela, par excès et par iniquité, Nous le
jetterons au Feu, voilà qui est facile pour Allah.
31
Si vous évitez les grands péchés qui vous sont interdits, Nous
effacerons vos méfaits de votre compte, et Nous vous ferons entrer dans un
endroit honorable (le Paradis).
32
Ne convoitez pas ce qu’Allah a attribué aux uns d’entre vous plus
qu’aux autres ; aux hommes la part qu’ils ont acquise, et aux femmes la part
qu’elles ont acquise. Demandez à Allah de Sa grâce. Car Allah, certes, est
Omniscient.
33
A tous Nous avons désigné des héritiers pour ce que leur laissent
leurs père et mère, leurs proches parents, et ceux envers qui, de vos propres
mains, vous vous êtes engagés, donnez leur donc leur part, car Allah, en vérité,
est témoin de tout.
34
Les hommes ont autorité sur les femmes, en raison des faveurs
qu’Allah accorde à ceux-là sur celles-ci, et aussi à cause des dépenses qu’ils
font de leurs biens. Les femmes vertueuses sont obéissantes (à leurs maris), et
protègent ce qui doit être protégé, pendant l’absence de leurs époux, avec la
protection d’Allah. Et quant à celles dont vous craignez la désobéissance,
exhortez-les, éloignez-vous d’elles dans leurs lits et frappez-les. Si elles
arrivent à vous obéir, alors ne cherchez plus de voie contre elles, car Allah
est certes, Haut et Grand !
35
Si vous craignez le désaccord entre les deux [époux], envoyez
alors un arbitre de sa famille à lui, et un arbitre de sa famille à elle. Si les
deux veulent la réconciliation, Allah rétablira l’entente entre eux. Allah est
certes, Omniscient et Parfaitement Connaisseur.
36
Adorez Allah et ne Lui donnez aucun associé. Agissez avec bonté
envers (vos) père et mère, les proches, les orphelins, les pauvres, le proche
voisin, le voisin lointain, le collègue et le voyageur, et les esclaves en votre
possession, car Allah n’aime pas, en vérité, le présomptueux, l’arrogant,
37
Ceux qui sont avares et ordonnent l’avarice aux autres, et
cachent ce qu’Allah leur a donné de par Sa grâce. Nous avons préparé un
châtiment avilissant pour les mécréants.
38
Et ceux qui dépensent leurs biens avec ostentation devant les
gens, et ne croient ni en Allah ni au Jour dernier. Quiconque a le Diable pour
camarade inséparable, quel mauvais camarade !
39
Qu’auraient-ils à se reprocher s’ils avaient cru en Allah et au
Jour dernier et dépensé (dans l’obéissance) de ce qu’Allah leur a attribué ?
Allah, d’eux, est Omniscient.
40
Certes, Allah ne lèse (personne), fût-ce du poids d’un atome.
S’il est une bonne action, Il la double, et accorde une grosse récompense de Sa
part.
41
Comment seront-ils quand Nous ferons venir de chaque communauté
un témoin, et que Nous te (Muhammad) ferons venir comme témoin contre ces
gens-ci ?
42
Ce jour-là, ceux qui n’ont pas cru et ont désobéi au Messager,
préfèreraient que la terre fût nivelée sur eux et ils ne sauront cacher à Allah
aucune parole.
43
O les croyants ! N’approchez pas de la Salât alors que vous êtes
ivres jusqu’à ce que vous compreniez ce que vous dites, et aussi quand vous êtes
en état d’impureté [pollués] - à moins que vous ne soyez en voyage - jusqu’à ce
que vous ayez pris un bain rituel. Si vous êtes malades ou en voyage, ou si l’un
de vous revient du lieu où il a fait ses besoins, ou si vous avez touché à des
femmes et que vous ne trouviez pas d’eau, alors recourez à une terre pure, et
passez-vous-en sur vos visages et sur vos mains. Allah, en vérité, est Indulgent
et Pardonneur.
44
N’as-tu (Muhammad) pas vu ceux qui ont reçu une partie du Livre
acheter l’égarement et chercher à ce que vous vous égariez du [droit]
chemin ?
45
Allah connaît mieux vos ennemis. Et Allah suffit comme
protecteur. Et Allah suffit comme secoureur.
46
Il en est parmi les Juifs qui détournent les mots de leur sens,
et disent : « Nous avions entendu, mais nous avons désobéi », « Ecoute sans qu’il te
soit donné d’entendre », et favorise nous « Ra’inâ », tordant la langue et
attaquant la religion. Si au contraire ils disaient : « Nous avons entendu et nous
avons obéi », « Ecoute », et « Regarde-nous », ce serait meilleur pour eux, et plus
droit. Mais Allah les a maudits à cause de leur mécréance ; leur foi est donc
bien médiocre.
47
O vous à qui on a donné le Livre, croyez à ce que Nous avons fait
descendre, en confirmation de ce que vous aviez déjà, avant que Nous effacions
des visages et les retournions sens devant derrière, ou que Nous les maudissions
comme Nous avons maudit les gens du Sabbat. Car le commandement d’Allah est
toujours exécuté.
48
Certes Allah ne pardonne pas qu’on Lui donne quelqu’associé. A
part cela, Il pardonne à qui Il veut. Mais quiconque donne à Allah
quelqu’associé commet un énorme péché.
49
N’as-tu pas vu ceux-là qui se déclarent purs ? Mais c’est Allah
qui purifie qui Il veut ; et ils ne seront point lésés, fût-ce d’un brin de noyau
de datte.
50
Regarde comme ils inventent le mensonge à l’encontre d’Allah. Et
çà, c’est assez comme péché manifeste !
51
N’as-tu pas vu ceux-là, à qui une partie du Livre a été donnée,
avoir foi à la magie (gibt) et au Tâghhoût, et dire en faveur de ceux qui ne
croient pas : « Ceux-là sont mieux guidés (sur le chemin) que ceux qui ont
cru » ?
52
Voilà ceux qu’Allah a maudits ; et quiconque Allah maudit, jamais
tu ne trouveras pour lui de secoureur.
53
Possèdent-ils une partie du pouvoir ? Ils ne donneraient donc rien
aux gens, fût-ce le creux d’un noyau de datte.
54
Envient-ils aux gens ce qu’Allah leur a donné de par Sa grâce ?
Or, Nous avons donné à la famille d’Abraham le Livre et la Sagesse ; et Nous leur
avons donné un immense royaume.
55
Certains d’entre eux ont cru en lui, d’autres d’entre eux s’en
sont écartés. L’Enfer leur suffira comme flamme (pour y brûler).
56
Certes, ceux qui ne croient pas à Nos Versets, (le Coran) Nous
les brûlerons bientôt dans le Feu. Chaque fois que leurs peaux auront été
consumées, Nous leur donnerons d’autres peaux en échange afin qu’ils goûtent au
châtiment. Allah est certes, Puissant et Sage !
57
Et quant à ceux qui ont cru et fait de bonnes œuvres, bientôt
Nous les ferons entrer aux Jardins sous lesquels coulent des ruisseaux. Ils y
demeureront éternellement. Il y aura là pour eux des épouses purifiées. Et Nous
les ferons entrer sous un ombrage épais.
58
Certes, Allah vous commande de rendre les dépôts à leurs
ayants-droit, et quand vous jugez entre des gens, de juger avec équité. Quelle
bonne exhortation qu’Allah vous fait ! Allah est, en vérité, Celui qui entend et
qui voit tout.
59
O les croyants ! Obéissez à Allah, et obéissez au Messager et à
ceux d’entre vous qui détiennent le commandement. Puis, si vous vous disputez en
quoi que ce soit, renvoyez-le à Allah et au Messager, si vous croyez en Allah et
au Jour dernier. Ce sera bien mieux et de meilleure interprétation (et
aboutissement).
60
N’as-tu pas vu ceux qui prétendent croire à ce qu’on a fait
descendre vers toi [prophète] et à ce qu’on a fait descendre avant toi ? Ils
veulent prendre pour juge le Tâghût, alors que c’est en lui qu’on leur a
commandé de ne pas croire. Mais le Diable veut les égarer très loin, dans
l’égarement.
61
Et lorsqu’on leur dit : « Venez vers ce qu’Allah a fait descendre
et vers le Messager », tu vois les hypocrites s’écarter loin de toi.
62
Comment (agiront-ils) quand un malheur les atteindra, à cause de
ce qu’ils ont préparé de leurs propres mains ? Puis ils viendront alors près de
toi, jurant par Allah : « Nous n’avons voulu que le bien et la
réconciliation ».
63
Voilà ceux dont Allah sait ce qu’ils ont dans leurs cœurs. Ne
leur tiens donc pas rigueur, exhorte-les, et dis-leur sur eux-mêmes des paroles
convaincantes.
64
Nous n’avons envoyé de Messager que pour qu’il soit obéi par la
permission d’Allah. Si, lorsqu’ils ont fait du tort à leurs propres personnes
ils venaient à toi en implorant le pardon d’Allah et si le Messager demandait le
pardon pour eux, ils trouveraient, certes, Allah, Très Accueillant au repentir,
Miséricordieux.
65
Non !... Par ton Seigneur ! Ils ne seront pas croyants aussi
longtemps qu’ils ne t’auront demandé de juger de leurs disputes et qu’ils
n’auront éprouvé nulle angoisse pour ce que tu auras décidé, et qu’ils se
soumettent complètement [à ta sentence].
66
Si Nous leur avions prescrit ceci : « Tuez-vous vous-mêmes », ou
« Sortez de vos demeures », ils ne l’auraient pas fait, sauf un petit nombre
d’entre eux. S’ils avaient fait ce à quoi on les exhortait, cela aurait été
certainement meilleur pour eux, et (leur foi) aurait été plus affermie.
67
Alors Nous leur aurions donné certainement, de Notre part, une
grande récompense,
68
et Nous les aurions guidé certes, vers un droit chemin.
69
Quiconque obéit à Allah et au Messager... ceux-là seront avec
ceux qu’Allah a comblés de Ses bienfaits : les prophètes, les véridiques, les
martyrs, et les vertueux. Et quels bons compagnons que ceux-là !
70
Cette grâce vient d’Allah. Et Allah suffit comme Parfait
Connaisseur.
71
O les croyants ! Prenez vos précautions et partez en expédition
par détachements ou en masse.
72
Parmi vous, il y aura certes, quelqu’un qui tardera [à aller au
combat] et qui, si un malheur vous atteint, dira : « Certes, Allah m’a fait une
faveur en ce que je ne me suis pas trouvé en leur compagnie »
73
et si c’est une grâce qui vous atteint de la part d’Allah, il se
mettra, certes, à dire, comme s’il n’y avait aucune affection entre vous et lui :
« Quel dommage ! Si j’avais été avec eux, j’aurais alors acquis un gain
énorme ».
74
Qu’ils combattent donc dans le sentier d’Allah, ceux qui troquent
la vie présente contre la vie future. Et quiconque combat dans le sentier
d’Allah, tué ou vainqueur, Nous lui donnerons bientôt une énorme récompense.
75
Et qu’avez-vous à ne pas combattre dans le sentier d’Allah, et
pour la cause des faibles : hommes, femmes et enfants qui disent : « Seigneur !
Fais-nous sortir de cette cité dont les gens sont injustes, et assigne-nous de
Ta part un allié, et assigne-nous de Ta part un secoureur ».
76
Les croyants combattent dans le sentier d’Allah, et ceux qui ne
croient pas combattent dans le sentier du Tâghût. Eh bien, combattez les alliés
du Diable, car la ruse du Diable est, certes, faible.
77
N’as-tu pas vu ceux auxquels on avait dit : « Abstenez-vous de
combattre, accomplissez la Salât et acquittez la Zakât ! » Puis lorsque le combat
leur fut prescrit, voilà qu’une partie d’entre eux se mit à craindre les gens
comme on craint Allah, ou même d’une crainte plus forte encore, et à dire : « O
notre Seigneur ! Pourquoi nous as-Tu prescrit le combat ? Pourquoi n’as-Tu pas
reporté cela à un peu plus tard ? » Dis : « La jouissance d’ici-bas est éphémère,
mais la vie future est meilleure pour quiconque est pieux. Et on ne vous lésera
pas, fût-ce d’un brin de noyau de datte.
78
Où que vous soyez, la mort vous atteindra, fussiez-vous dans des
tours imprenables. Qu’un bien les atteigne, ils disent : « C’est de la part
d’Allah. » Qu’un mal les atteigne, ils disent : « C’est dû à toi (Muhammad). » Dis :
« Tout est d’Allah. » Mais qu’ont-ils ces gens, à ne comprendre presque aucune
parole ?
79
Tout bien qui t’atteint vient d’Allah, et tout mal qui t’atteint
vient de toi-même. Et nous t’avons envoyé aux gens comme Messager. Et Allah
suffit comme témoin.
80
Quiconque obéit au Messager obéit certainement à Allah. Et
quiconque tourne le dos... Nous ne t’avons pas envoyé à eux comme gardien.
81
Ils disent : « Obéissance ! » Puis, sitôt sortis de chez toi, une
partie d’entre eux délibère au cours de la nuit de tout autre chose que ce
qu’elle t’a dit. [Cependant] Allah enregistre ce qu’ils font la nuit.
Pardonne-leur donc et place ta confiance en Allah. Et Allah suffit comme
Protecteur.
82
Ne méditent-ils donc pas sur le Coran ? S’il provenait d’un autre
qu’Allah, ils y trouveraient certes maintes contradictions !
83
Quand leur parvient une nouvelle rassurante ou alarmante, ils la
diffusent. S’ils la rapportaient au Messager et aux détenteurs du commandement
parmi eux, ceux d’entre eux qui cherchent à être éclairés, auraient appris (la
vérité de la bouche du Prophète et des détenteurs du commandement). Et n’eussent
été la grâce d’Allah sur vous et Sa miséricorde, vous auriez suivi le Diable, à
part quelques-uns.
84
Combats donc dans le sentier d’Allah, tu n’es responsable que de
toi même, et incite les croyants (au combat) Allah arrêtera certes la violence
des mécréants. Allah est plus redoutable en force et plus sévère en
punition.
85
Quiconque intercède d’une bonne intercession, en aura une part ;
et quiconque intercède d’une mauvaise intercession en portera une part de
responsabilité. Et Allah est Puissant sur toute chose.
86
Si on vous fait une salutation, saluez d’une façon meilleure ; ou
bien rendez-la (simplement). Certes, Allah tient compte de tout.
87
Allah ! Pas de divinité à part Lui ! Très certainement Il vous
rassemblera au Jour de la Résurrection, point de doute là-dessus. Et qui est
plus véridique qu’Allah en parole ?
88
Qu’avez-vous à vous diviser en deux factions au sujet des
hypocrites ? Alors qu’Allah les a refoulés (dans leur infidélité) pour ce qu’ils
ont acquis. Voulez-vous guider ceux qu’Allah égare ? Et quiconque Allah égare, tu
ne lui trouveras pas de chemin (pour le ramener).
89
Ils aimeraient vous voir mécréants comme ils ont mécru : alors
vous seriez tous égaux ! Ne prenez donc pas d’alliés parmi eux, jusqu’à ce qu’ils
émigrent dans le sentier d’Allah. Mais s’ils tournent le dos, saisissez-les
alors, et tuez-les où que vous les trouviez ; et ne prenez parmi eux ni allié ni
secoureur,
90
excepté ceux qui se joignent à un groupe avec lequel vous avez
conclu une alliance, ou ceux qui viennent chez vous, le cœur serré d’avoir à
vous combattre ou à combattre leur propre tribu. Si Allah avait voulu, Il leur
aurait donné l’audace (et la force) contre vous, et ils vous auraient
certainement combattu. (Par conséquent,) s’ils restent neutres à votre égard et
ne vous combattent point, et qu’ils vous offrent la paix, alors, Allah ne vous
donne pas de chemin contre eux.
91
Vous en trouverez d’autres qui cherchent à avoir votre confiance,
et en même temps la confiance de leur propre tribu. Toutes les fois qu’on les
pousse vers l’Association, (l’idolâtrie) ils y retombent en masse. (Par
conséquent,) s’ils ne restent pas neutres à votre égard, ne vous offrent pas la
paix et ne retiennent pas leurs mains (de vous combattre), alors, saisissez-les
et tuez les où que vous les trouviez. Contre ceux-ci, Nous vous avons donné une
autorité manifeste.
92
Il n’appartient pas à un croyant de tuer un autre croyant, si ce
n’est par erreur. Quiconque tue par erreur un croyant, qu’il affranchisse alors
un esclave croyant et remette à sa famille le prix du sang, à moins que celle-ci
n’y renonce par charité. Mais si [le tué] appartenait à un peuple ennemi à vous
et qu’il soit croyant, qu’on affranchisse alors un esclave croyant. S’il
appartenait à un peuple auquel vous êtes liés par un pacte, qu’on verse alors à
sa famille le prix du sang et qu’on affranchisse un esclave croyant. Celui qui
n’en trouve pas les moyens, qu’il jeûne deux mois d’affilée pour être pardonné
par Allah. Allah est Omniscient et Sage.
93
Quiconque tue intentionnellement un croyant, Sa rétribution alors
sera l’Enfer, pour y demeurer éternellement. Allah l’a frappé de Sa colère, l’a
maudit et lui a préparé un énorme châtiment.
94
O les croyants ! Lorsque vous sortez pour lutter dans le sentier
d’Allah, voyez bien clair (ne vous hâtez pas) et ne dites pas à quiconque vous
adresse le salut (de l’Islam): « Tu n’es pas croyant », convoitant les biens de la
vie d’ici-bas. Or c’est auprès d’Allah qu’il y a beaucoup de butin. C’est ainsi
que vous étiez auparavant ; puis Allah vous a accordé Sa grâce. Voyez donc bien
clair. Allah est, certes, Parfaitement Connaisseur de ce que vous faites.
95
Ne sont pas égaux ceux des croyants qui restent chez eux - sauf
ceux qui ont quelque infirmité - et ceux qui luttent corps et biens dans le
sentier d’Allah. Allah donne à ceux qui luttent corps et biens un grade
d’excellence sur ceux qui restent chez eux. Et à chacun Allah a promis la
meilleure récompense ; et Allah a mis les combattants au-dessus des non
combattants en leur accordant une rétribution immense ;
96
des grades de supériorité de Sa part ainsi qu’un pardon et une
miséricorde. Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
97
Ceux qui ont fait du tort à eux-mêmes, les Anges enlèveront leurs
âmes en disant : « Où en étiez-vous ? » (à propos de votre religion) - « Nous étions
impuissants sur terre », dirent-ils. Alors les Anges diront : « La terre d’Allah
n’était-elle pas assez vaste pour vous permettre d’émigrer ? » Voilà bien ceux
dont le refuge est l’Enfer. Et quelle mauvaise destination !
98
A l’exception des impuissants : hommes, femmes et enfants,
incapables de se débrouiller, et qui ne trouvent aucune voie :
99
A ceux-là, il se peut qu’Allah donne le pardon. Allah est Clément
et Pardonneur.
100
Et quiconque émigre dans le sentier d’Allah trouvera sur terre
maints refuges et abondance. Et quiconque sort de sa maison, émigrant vers Allah
et Son messager, et que la mort atteint, sa récompense incombe à Allah. Et Allah
est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
101
Et quand vous parcourez la terre, ce n’est pas un péché pour
vous de raccourcir la Salât, si vous craignez que les mécréants ne vous mettent
à l’épreuve, car les mécréants demeurent pour vous un ennemi déclaré.
102
Et lorsque tu (Muhammad) te trouves parmi eux, et que tu les
diriges dans la Salât, qu’un groupe d’entre eux se mette debout en ta compagnie,
en gardant leurs armes. Puis lorsqu’ils ont terminé la prosternation, qu’ils
passent derrière vous et que vienne l’autre groupe, ceux qui n’ont pas encore
célébré la Salât. A ceux-ci alors d’accomplir la Salât avec toi, prenant leurs
précautions et leurs armes. Les mécréants aimeraient vous voir négliger vos
armes et vos bagages, afin de tomber sur vous en une seule masse. Vous ne
commettez aucun péché si, incommodés par la pluie ou malades, vous déposez vos
armes ; cependant prenez garde. Certes, Allah a préparé pour les mécréants un
châtiment avilissant.
103
Quand vous avez accompli la Salât, invoquez le nom d’Allah,
debout, assis ou couchés sur vos côtés. Puis lorsque vous êtes en sécurité,
accomplissez la Salât (normalement), car la Salât demeure, pour les croyants,
une prescription, à des temps déterminés.
104
Ne faiblissez pas dans la poursuite du peuple [ennemi]. Si vous
souffrez, lui aussi souffre comme vous souffrez, tandis que vous espérez d’Allah
ce qu’il n’espère pas. Allah est Omniscient et Sage.
105
Nous avons fait descendre vers toi le Livre avec la vérité, pour
que tu juges entre les gens, selon ce qu’Allah t’a appris. Et ne te fais pas
l’avocat des traîtres.
106
Et implore d’Allah le pardon car Allah est certes Pardonneur et
Miséricordieux.
107
Et ne dispute pas en faveur de ceux qui se trahissent eux-mêmes.
Allah, vraiment, n’aime pas le traître et le pécheur.
108
Ils cherchent à se cacher des gens, mais ils ne cherchent pas à
se cacher d’Allah. Or, Il est avec eux quand ils tiennent la nuit des paroles
qu’Il (Allah) n’agrée pas. Et Allah ne cesse de cerner (par Sa science) ce
qu’ils font.
109
Voilà les gens en faveur desquels vous disputez dans la vie
présente. Mais qui va disputer pour eux devant Allah au Jour de la Résurrection ?
Ou bien qui sera leur protecteur ?
110
Quiconque agit mal ou fait du tort à lui-même, puis aussitôt
implore d’Allah le pardon, trouvera Allah Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
111
Quiconque acquiert un péché, ne l’acquiert que contre lui-même.
Et Allah est Omniscient et Sage.
112
Et quiconque acquiert une faute ou un péché puis en accuse un
innocent, se rend coupable alors d’une injustice et d’un péché manifeste.
113
Et n’eût été la grâce d’Allah sur toi (Muhammad) et Sa
miséricorde, une partie d’entre eux t’aurait bien volontiers égaré. Mais ils
n’égarent qu’eux-mêmes, et ne peuvent en rien te nuire. Allah a fait descendre
sur toi le Livre et la Sagesse, et t’a enseigné ce que tu ne savais pas. Et la
grâce d’Allah sur toi est immense.
114
Il n’y a rien de bon dans la plus grande partie de leurs
conversations secrètes, sauf si l’un d’eux ordonne une charité, une bonne
action, ou une conciliation entre les gens. Et quiconque le fait, cherchant
l’agrément d’Allah, à celui-là Nous donnerons bientôt une récompense énorme.
115
Et quiconque fait scission d’avec le Messager, après que le
droit chemin lui est apparu et suit un sentier autre que celui des croyants,
alors Nous le laisserons comme il s’est détourné, et le brûlerons dans l’Enfer.
Et quelle mauvaise destination !
116
Certes, Allah ne pardonne pas qu’on Lui donne des associés. A
part cela, Il pardonne à qui Il veut. Quiconque donne des associés à Allah
s’égare, très loin dans l’égarement.
117
Ce ne sont que des femelles qu’ils invoquent, en dehors de Lui.
Et ce n’est qu’un diable rebelle qu’ils invoquent.
118
Allah l’a (le Diable) maudit et celui-ci a dit : « Certainement,
je saisirai parmi Tes serviteurs, une partie déterminée.
119
Certes, je ne manquerai pas de les égarer, je leur donnerai de
faux espoirs, je leur commanderai, et ils fendront les oreilles aux bestiaux ; je
leur commanderai, et ils altèreront la création d’Allah. Et quiconque prend le
Diable pour allié au lieu d’Allah, sera, certes, voué à une perte évidente.
120
Il leur fait des promesses et leur donne de faux espoirs. Et le
Diable ne leur fait que des promesses trompeuses.
121
Voilà ceux dont le refuge est l’Enfer. Et ils ne trouveront
aucun moyen d’y échapper !
122
Et quant à ceux qui ont cru et fait de bonnes œuvres, Nous les
ferons entrer bientôt aux Jardins sous lesquels coulent les ruisseaux, pour y
demeurer éternellement. Promesse d’Allah en vérité. Et qui est plus véridique
qu’Allah en parole ?
123
Ceci ne dépend ni de vos désirs ni des désirs des gens du Livre.
Quiconque fait un mal sera rétribué pour cela, et ne trouvera en sa faveur, hors
d’Allah, ni allié ni secoureur.
124
Et quiconque, homme ou femme, fait de bonnes œuvres, tout en
étant croyant... les voilà ceux qui entreront au Paradis ; et on ne leur fera
aucune injustice, fût-ce d’un creux de noyau de datte.
125
Qui est meilleur en religion que celui qui soumet à Allah son
être, tout en se conformant à la Loi révélée et suivant la religion d’Abraham,
homme de droiture ? Et Allah avait pris Abraham pour ami privilégié.
126
C’est à Allah qu’appartient tout ce qui est dans les cieux et
sur la terre. Et Allah embrasse toute chose (de Sa science et de Sa
puissance).
127
Et ils te consultent à propos de ce qui a été décrété au sujet
des femmes. Dis : « Allah vous donne Son décret là-dessus, en plus de ce qui vous
est récité dans le Livre, au sujet des orphelines auxquelles vous ne donnez pas
ce qui leur a été prescrit, et que vous désirez épouser, et au sujet des mineurs
encore d’âge faible ». Vous devez agir avec équité envers les orphelins. Et de
tout ce que vous faites de bien, Allah en est, certes, Omniscient.
128
Et si une femme craint de son mari abandon ou indifférence,
alors ce n’est pas un péché pour les deux s’ils se réconcilient par un compromis
quelconque, et la réconciliation est meilleure, puisque les âmes sont portées à
la ladrerie. Mais si vous agissez en bien et vous êtes pieux... Allah est,
certes, Parfaitement Connaisseur de ce que vous faites.
129
Vous ne pourrez jamais être équitables entre vos femmes, même si
vous en êtes soucieux. Ne vous penchez pas tout à fait vers l’une d’elles, au
point de laisser l’autre comme en suspens. Mais si vous vous réconciliez et vous
êtes pieux... donc Allah est, certes, Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
130
Si les deux se séparent, Allah de par Sa largesse, accordera à
chacun d’eux un autre destin. Et Allah est plein de largesses et parfaitement
Sage.
131
A Allah seul appartient tout ce qui est dans les cieux et sur la
terre. « Craignez Allah ! » Voilà ce que Nous avons enjoint à ceux auxquels avant
vous le Livre fut donné, tout comme à vous-mêmes. Et si vous ne croyez pas (cela
ne nuit pas à Allah, car) très certainement à Allah seul appartient tout ce qui
est dans les cieux et sur la terre. Et Allah se suffit à Lui-même et Il est
digne de louange.
132
A Allah seul appartient tout ce qui est dans les cieux et sur la
terre. Et Allah suffit pour s’occuper de tout.
133
S’Il voulait, il vous ferait disparaître, ô gens, et en ferait
venir d’autres. Car Allah en est très capable.
134
Quiconque désire la récompense d’ici-bas, c’est auprès d’Allah
qu’est la récompense d’ici-bas tout comme celle de l’au-delà. Et Allah entend et
observe tout.
135
O les croyants ! Observez strictement la justice et soyez des
témoins (véridiques) comme Allah l’ordonne, fût-ce contre vous-mêmes, contre vos
père et mère ou proches parents. Qu’il s’agisse d’un riche ou d’un besogneux,
Allah a priorité sur eux deux (et Il est plus connaisseur de leur intérêt que
vous). Ne suivez donc pas les passions, afin de ne pas dévier de la justice. Si
vous portez un faux témoignage ou si vous le refusez, [sachez qu’] Allah est
Parfaitement Connaisseur de ce que vous faites.
136
O les croyants ! Soyez fermes en votre foi en Allah, en Son
messager, au Livre qu’Il a fait descendre sur Son messager, et au Livre qu’Il a
fait descendre avant. Quiconque ne croit pas en Allah, en Ses anges, en Ses
Livres, en Ses messagers et au Jour dernier, s’égare, loin dans l’égarement.
137
Ceux qui ont cru, puis sont devenus mécréants, puis ont cru de
nouveau, ensuite sont redevenus mécréants, et n’ont fait que croître en
mécréance, Allah ne leur pardonnera pas, ni les guidera vers un chemin
(droit).
138
Annonce aux hypocrites qu’il y a pour eux un châtiment
douloureux,
139
ceux qui prennent pour alliés des mécréants au lieu des
croyants, est-ce la puissance qu’ils recherchent auprès d’eux ? (En vérité) la
puissance appartient entièrement à Allah.
140
Dans le Livre, Il vous a déjà révélé ceci : lorsque vous entendez
qu’on renie les versets (le Coran) d’Allah et qu’on s’en raille, ne vous asseyez
point avec ceux-là jusqu’à ce qu’ils entreprennent une autre conversation.
Sinon, vous serez comme eux. Allah rassemblera, certes, les hypocrites et les
mécréants, tous, dans l’Enfer.
141
Ils restent dans l’expectative à votre égard ; si une victoire
vous vient de la part d’Allah, ils disent : « N’étions-nous pas avec vous ? » et
s’il en revient un avantage aux mécréants, ils leur disent : « Est-ce que nous
n’avons pas mis la main sur vous pour vous soustraire aux croyants ? » Eh bien,
Allah jugera entre vous au Jour de la Résurrection. Et jamais Allah ne donnera
une voie aux mécréants contre les croyants.
142
Les hypocrites cherchent à tromper Allah, mais Allah retourne
leur tromperie (contre eux-mêmes). Et lorsqu’ils se lèvent pour la Salât, ils se
lèvent avec paresse et par ostentation envers les gens. A peine invoquent-ils
Allah.
143
Ils sont indécis (entre les croyants et les mécréants,)
n’appartenant ni aux uns ni aux autres. Or, quiconque Allah égare, jamais tu ne
trouveras de chemin pour lui.
144
O les croyants ! Ne prenez pas pour alliés les mécréants au lieu
des croyants. Voudriez-vous donner à Allah une preuve évidente contre vous ?
145
Les hypocrites seront, certes, au plus bas fond du Feu, et tu ne
leur trouveras jamais de secoureur,
146
sauf ceux qui se repentent, s’amendent, s’attachent fermement à
Allah, et Lui vouent une foi exclusive. Ceux-là seront avec les croyants. Et
Allah donnera aux croyants une énorme récompense.
147
Pourquoi Allah vous infligerait-Il un châtiment si vous êtes
reconnaissants et croyants ? Allah est Reconnaissant et Omniscient.
148
Allah n’aime pas qu’on profère de mauvaises paroles sauf quand
on a été injustement provoqué. Et Allah est Audient et Omniscient.
149
Que vous fassiez du bien, ouvertement ou en cachette, ou bien
que vous pardonniez un mal... Alors Allah est Pardonneur et Omnipotent.
150
Ceux qui ne croient pas en Allah et en Ses messagers, et qui
veulent faire distinction entre Allah et Ses messagers et qui disent : « Nous
croyons en certains d’entre eux mais ne croyons pas en d’autres », et qui veulent
prendre un chemin intermédiaire (entre la foi et la mécréance),
151
les voilà les vrais mécréants ! Et Nous avons préparé pour les
mécréants un châtiment avilissant.
152
Et ceux qui croient en Allah et en Ses messagers et qui ne font
point de différence entre ces derniers, voilà ceux à qui Il donnera leurs
récompenses. Et Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
153
Les gens du Livre te demandent de leur faire descendre du ciel
un Livre. Ils ont déjà demandé à Moïse quelque chose de bien plus grave quand
ils dirent : « Fais-nous voir Allah à découvert ! » Alors la foudre les frappa pour
leur tort. Puis ils adoptèrent le Veau (comme idole) même après que les preuves
leur furent venues. Nous leur pardonnâmes cela et donnâmes à Moïse une autorité
déclarée.
154
Et pour (obtenir) leur engagement, Nous avons brandi au-dessus
d’eux le Mont Tor, Nous leur avons dit : « Entrez par la porte en vous
prosternant » Nous leur avons dit : « Ne transgressez pas le Sabbat » et Nous avons
pris d’eux un engagement ferme.
155
(Nous les avons maudits) à cause de leur rupture de
l’engagement, leur mécréance aux révélations d’Allah, leur meurtre injustifié
des prophètes, et leur parole : « Nos cœurs sont (enveloppés) et imperméables ». En
réalité, c’est Allah qui a scellé leurs cœurs à cause de leur mécréance, car ils
ne croyaient que très peu.
156
Et à cause de leur mécréance et de l’énorme calomnie qu’ils
prononcent contre Marie,
157
et à cause de leur parole : « Nous avons vraiment tué le Christ,
Jésus, fils de Marie, le Messager d’Allah »... Or, ils ne l’ont ni tué ni
crucifié ; mais ce n’était qu’un faux semblant ! Et ceux qui ont discuté sur son
sujet sont vraiment dans l’incertitude : ils n’en ont aucune connaissance
certaine, ils ne font que suivre des conjectures et ils ne l’ont certainement
pas tué,
158
mais Allah l’a élevé vers Lui. Et Allah est Puissant et
Sage.
159
Il n’y aura personne, parmi les gens du Livre, qui n’aura pas
foi en lui avant sa mort. Et au Jour de la Résurrection, il sera témoin contre
eux.
160
C’est à cause des iniquités des Juifs que Nous leur avons rendu
illicites les bonnes nourritures qui leur étaient licites, et aussi à cause de
ce qu’ils obstruent le sentier d’Allah, (à eux-mêmes et) à beaucoup de
monde,
161
et à cause de ce qu’ils prennent des intérêts usuraires- qui
leur étaient pourtant interdits - et parce qu’ils mangent illégalement les biens
des gens. A ceux d’entre eux qui sont mécréants Nous avons préparé un châtiment
douloureux.
162
Mais ceux d’entre eux qui sont enracinés dans la connaissance,
ainsi que les croyants, (tous) ont foi à ce qu’on a fait descendre sur toi et à
ce qu’on a fait descendre avant toi. Et quant à ceux qui accomplissent la Salât,
paient la Zakât et croient en Allah et au Jour dernier, ceux-là Nous leur
donnerons une énorme récompense.
163
Nous t’avons fait une révélation comme Nous fîmes à Noé et aux
prophètes après lui. Et Nous avons fait révélation à Abraham, à Ismaël, à Isaac,
à Jacob aux Tribus, à Jésus, à Job, à Jonas, à Aaron et à Salomon, et Nous avons
donné le Zabour à David.
164
Et il y a des messagers dont Nous t’avons raconté l’histoire
précédemment, et des messagers dont Nous ne t’avons point raconté l’histoire -
et Allah a parlé à Moïse de vive voix -
165
en tant que messagers, annonciateurs et avertisseurs, afin
qu’après la venue des messagers il n’y eût pour les gens point d’argument devant
Allah. Allah est Puissant et Sage.
166
Mais Allah témoigne de ce qu’Il a fait descendre vers toi, Il
l’a fait descendre en toute connaissance. Et les Anges en témoignent. Et Allah
suffit comme témoin.
167
Ceux qui ne croient pas et qui obstruent le sentier d’Allah,
s’égarent certes loin dans l’égarement.
168
Ceux qui ne croient pas et qui pratiquent l’injustice, Allah
n’est nullement disposé à leur pardonner, ni à les guider dans un chemin
169
(autre) que le chemin de l’Enfer où ils demeureront
éternellement. Et cela est facile à Allah.
170
O gens ! Le Messager vous a apporté la vérité de la part de votre
Seigneur. Ayez la foi, donc, cela vous sera meilleur. Et si vous ne croyez pas
(qu’importe !), c’est à Allah qu’appartient tout ce qui est dans les cieux et sur
la terre. Et Allah est Omniscient et Sage.
171
O gens du Livre (Chrétiens), n’exagérez pas dans votre religion,
et ne dites d’Allah que la vérité. Le Messie Jésus, fils de Marie, n’est qu’un
Messager d’Allah, Sa parole qu’Il envoya à Marie, et un souffle (de vie) venant
de Lui. Croyez donc en Allah et en Ses messagers. Et ne dites pas « Trois ».
Cessez ! Ce sera meilleur pour vous. Allah n’est qu’un Dieu unique. Il est trop
glorieux pour avoir un enfant. C’est à Lui qu’appartient tout ce qui est dans
les cieux et sur la terre et Allah suffit comme protecteur.
172
Jamais le Messie ne trouve indigne d’être un serviteur d’Allah,
ni les Anges rapprochés [de Lui]. Et ceux qui trouvent indigne de L’adorer et
s’enflent d’orgueil... Il les rassemblera tous vers Lui.
173
Quant à ceux qui ont cru et fait de bonnes œuvres, Il leur
accordera leurs pleines récompenses et y ajoutera le surcroît de Sa grâce. Et
quant à ceux qui ont eu la morgue et se sont enflés d’orgueil, Il les châtiera
d’un châtiment douloureux. Et ils ne trouveront, pour eux, en dehors d’Allah, ni
allié ni secoureur,
174
O gens ! Certes, une preuve évidente vous est venue de la part de
votre Seigneur. Et Nous avons fait descendre vers vous une lumière
éclatante.
175
Alors ceux qui croient en Allah et qui s’attachent à Lui, Il les
fera entrer dans une miséricorde venue de Lui, et dans une grâce aussi. Et Il
les guidera vers Lui dans un chemin droit.
176
Ils te demandent ce qui a été décrété. Dis : « Au sujet du défunt
qui n’a pas de père ni de mère ni d’enfant, Allah vous donne Son décret : si
quelqu’un meurt sans enfant, mais a une sœur, à celle-ci revient la moitié de ce
qu’il laisse. Et lui, il héritera d’elle en totalité si elle n’a pas d’enfant.
Mais s’il a deux sœurs (ou plus), à elles alors les deux tiers de ce qu’il
laisse ; et s’il a des frères et des sœurs, à un frère alors revient une portion
égale à celle de deux sœurs. Allah vous donne des explications pour que vous ne
vous égariez pas. Et Allah est Omniscient.
Sourate IV.
Les Femmes.
(An-Nisâ’).
Propos liminaire du traducteur
Titre tiré en particulier du vt. 3.
L’exégèse est unanime à considérer cette sourate comme médinoise. Elle
est formée d’éléments dont la majeure partie se situe entre l’échec de
Ohod et la retraite des Mekkois, après la Campagne du Fossé. En son état
actuel, cette sourate est caractérisée par l’hétérogénéité des éléments
qui la composent. Une grande partie de ceux-ci sont réunis à cause de la
similitude du contenu. D’autres, en plus petit nombre, sont groupés en
fonction des circonstances qui en ont provoqué la révélation.
[Préambule.]
1
▶
Note [édition originale] : Hommes ! L’apostrophe a une portée générale et ne
s’adresse pas aux seuls Croyants, comme plus loin. ǁ wa-l’arḥâma « [respectez] vos liens de consanguinité ! » Le sens est
donné par les commt., mais avec hésitation, car ils ne savent pas à quoi
relier exactement le terme.
[Prescriptions touchant les biens des orphelins.]
2
3
▶
Note [édition originale] : Épousez donc. L’idée
ne s’enchaîne pas et les commt. adoptent une interprétation très en
l’air pour justifier la juxtaposition de cette phrase à la précédente :
il s’agirait d’orphelines et non plus d’orphelins. Cette interprétation est inspirée par le
vt. 126 ci-dessous qui effectivement vise les mariages avec des
orphelins. On a ici nettement une addition qui interrompt la série des
prescriptions relatives aux orphelins. — Celles des
femmes etc. Text. : ce qui sera bon pour vous, parmi les femmes. ǁ
Par deux etc. L’expression revient à dire :
Épousez à la fois deux femmes, ou trois, ou quatre. ǁ mâ malakat ’aymânu-kum « des concubines ». Text. : ce que
possèdent vos dextres.
4
▶
Note [édition originale] : niḥlatan « spontanément ». Autre sens : sans
retard ou encore : gracieusement.
5
▶
Note [édition originale] : Aux
insensés. Pour l’exégèse, ce terme désigne tous ceux frappés
d’incapacité juridique, donc les mineurs et les femmes. ǁ Vos biens = les biens personnels et aussi : ceux qui sont confiés à un
tuteur.
6
6
6
9
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. et le suiv. s’enchaînent au vt. 7. — Que les tuteurs. Cette phrase, très insolite en sa construction, est
ainsi comprise par les commt.
10
[Des partages successoraux.]
7
▶
Note [édition originale] : mafrûda « imposée ». Cette épithète implique l’idée
d’obligation et de fixation par décret divin.
8
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ceux liés par la parenté
= les parents éloignés n’ayant point, de ce fait, droit au
partage.
11
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. s’enchaîne au vt. 9. — yûṣî-kum
« vous fait commandement ». Les commt. glosent par ya’muru-kum « vous ordonne ».
12
▶
Note [édition originale] : waladun
« un enfant » = un fils, un petit-fils etc.
12
12
▶
Note [édition originale] : kalâlatan « sans avoir d’ayant droit ». C.-à-d. : sans
avoir d’enfants formant succession directe. ǁ S’il y a
plusieurs frères ou sœurs. Text. s’ils sont plus que cela.
12
13
14
[Dispositions concernant la fornication.]
15
▶
Note [édition originale] : La
Turpitude = l’adultère. ǁ yaj‛ala la-hunna
sabîlan « leur donne un moyen ». Traduit textuellement pour faire
sentir la divergence des interprétations. Il n’est en fait point douteux que
le présent vt. donne au fornicateur possibilité de se racheter ; cf. note
sur vt. suiv.
16
▶
Note [édition originale] : Celui et celle qui etc. Text. : « ceux
qui [tous] deux ». L’expression est ambiguë et les commt. se demandent s’il
s’agit de deux célibataires ou de deux personnes mariées de sexe différent,
ou de fornicateurs de même sexe. ǁ Détournez-vous
d’eux ! L’expression peut être prise à la lettre ou signifier : Cessez
de leur infliger des sévices !
17
18
[Dispositions et interdictions touchant le mariage.]
19
▶
Note [édition originale] : De recevoir [vos] femmes etc. Il est possible
qu’il s’agisse ici d’une interdiction du lévirat. Toutefois Tab. rassemble
des données traditionnelles posant que ce texte interdit une pratique des
Arabes païens qui prescrivait à l’héritier d’épouser les femmes de son père,
ses belles-filles, ou ses belles-sœurs. Cf. ci-dessous
vt. 26 sq.
20
▶
Note [édition originale] : qinṭâr. V.
la sourate III, 12 et la note.
21
22
▶
Note [édition originale] : Sauf celles épousées dans le passé =
cette interdiction n’est pas rétroactive et ne touche pas les femmes de
cette sorte, épousées par les Croyants, dans le passé.
23
24
▶
Note [édition originale] : [Illicite pour
vous est d’épouser]. Ce membre de phrase, restitué pour le français,
est également rétabli par les commt. ǁ Les muḥṣana.
Étymologiquement, ce terme paraît désigner la femme libre protégée par un
tabou sexuel qui tombe seulement par la remise d’un douaire. Plus tard, dans
la terminologie juridique, le mot muḥṣana désignera
toute personne libre, majeure, saine d’esprit, qui a eu des rapports sexuels
en état légal de mariage, étant entendu que cette qualité subsiste même si
le mariage a été rompu. ǁ Excepté celles détenues par
vous. Text. : Excepté ce que détiennent vos dextres. Les commt. pensent
qu’il s’agit de femmes de toute condition devenues captives par fait de
guerre. ǁ En dehors de celles… été énumérées. Text. :
Au delà de cela. ǁ muḥṣinîna « en hommes » etc.
Text. : en constituants de [femmes] muḥṣana. Le muḥṣin doit être également de condition libre. ǁ ġayra musâfiḥîna « non en fornicateurs » c.-à-d. : hors
du mariage validé par versement du douaire. ǁ Celles des
femmes etc. La version A de la Vulgate est
intervenue lors de l’interdiction du mariage temporaire (mut‛a) soit vers la fin de l’apostolat de Mahomet, soit plus tard,
peut-être sous le califat de ‛Umar. La version B se
trouvait dans les corpus d’I. Mas‛ûd et d’Ubayy,
ainsi que dans le coran d’I. ‛Abbâs ; cette version fait nettement allusion
au mariage temporaire (mut‛a). Il faut au surplus
ajouter qu’il en va de même pour la version A, quoi
qu’en pensent les commt. ; celle-ci, en effet, stipule versement d’une
redevance, après consommation du mariage (et non avant, comme dans le
mariage légal). ǁ Nul grief à etc. Ce passage paraît
faire allusion aux stipulations particulières touchant la séparation, après
mariage temporaire.
25
▶
Note [édition originale] : Vous participez
d’une même communauté. Text. : une partie de vous est d’une partie. A
côté de cette interprétation, les commt. en acceptent une autre : « Vous
participez tous d’une même origine par votre descendance
d’Adam. »
25
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce
mariage avec des esclaves. Text. : cela.
26
▶
Note [édition originale] : Le texte porte : Allah veut vous montrer et vous diriger [dans]
les pratiques. La version A se
fonde sur les commt. ; elle oblige à donner à sunan
le sens très hypothétique de « voies », « pratiques » ; par ailleurs, on ne
voit point comment le Coran peut inciter à suivre la tradition des Anciens.
La version B semble préférable.
27
▶
Note [édition originale] : Que vous sortiez
totalement du bien. Text. : que vous penchiez en immense
pente.
28
[Commandements aux Croyants, sur leurs rapports sociaux.
Condamnation des Infidèles (ou des Incrédules).]
29
▶
Note [édition originale] : Le début de ce vt., selon
les commt., ferait allusion au jeu de hasard. C’est fort possible, mais la
phrase qui suit est sans rapport de sens avec elle. — lâ
taqtulû ’anfusakum « ne vous tuez pas ». Tab. donne de cette phrase une
seule interprétation : Ne vous entretuez pas !
Toutefois Bay., Nas. et Razi, admettent que cette phrase porte interdiction
du suicide. Cette dernière interprétation a contre elle la rareté extrême du
suicide, chez les Arabes en particulier. A noter qu’à côté de
l’interprétation : Ne vous entretuez pas !, on peut
également comprendre, en sollicitant un peu la construction : Ne tuez pas vos semblables.
30
31
32
33
▶
Note [édition originale] : mawâlî
« des ayants droit ». Le sens est sûr ; les commt. glosent par wurrâṯ « héritiers ». ǁ Ceux que lient
vos serments = vos clients (?).
34
▶
Note [édition originale] : qawwâmûna « ont autorité ». Le terme arabe suppose aussi
l’idée de protection, de capacité à agir en leur nom. ǁ ḥâfiẓâtun li-l-ġaybi « protègent ce qui doit l’être ». L’expression
n’offre aucun sens sûr aux commt. ǁ Du fait de ce qu’Allah
consigne. Le sens proposé ici est très incertain. Peut-être a-t-on une
allusion au livre contenant les actions bonnes ou mauvaises.
35
▶
Note [édition originale] : Entre deux
conjoints. Text. : entre eux deux.
36
37
38
39
40
41
▶
Note [édition originale] : De ces Infidèles-ci. Text. : de ceux-ci.
42
[De l’état de pureté, avant la Prière, et de l’ablution.]
43
▶
Note [édition originale] : Recourez à du bon
sable. Ce serait au cours d’une expédition, en l’an 627 (la Tradition
ne s’accorde d’ailleurs point sur l’événement), que les Croyants furent
autorisés à recourir à l’ablution pulvérale en cas de manque
d’eau.
44
45
46
▶
Note [édition originale] : yuḥarrifûna l-kalima ‛an mawâḍi‛i-hi
« qui détournent le Discours de ses sens ». Autre signification possible qui détournent les mots de leurs (sic) sens ». Ce passage a souvent fait penser à
un déplacement des termes, dans le texte biblique. Une telle interprétation
est toutefois à écarter. Tab. pense à une altération du sens du texte
biblique, ce qui est confirmé par la suite du présent vt. ǁ sami‛nâ wa-‛aṣaynâ « nous avons entendu et nous avons
désobéi ». La phrase rappelle celle du Deutéronome,
V, 24 : we-šdma‛nû we-‛âsînû « nous avons entendu et
avons agi » (= nous entendons et allons faire [ce qui est prescrit]). On
perçoit très bien quel quiproquo s’est produit.
L’hébreu ‛âsînû « nous avons agi » a été confondu
avec l’arabe ‛aṣaynâ « nous avons désobéi » et l’on
crut, dans l’entourage de Mahomet, à une altération volontaire du texte
biblique par les Juifs médinois. ǁ ’isma ‛ġayra
musma‛in « entends sans qu’il te soit donné d’entendre (?) ». Cette
phrase désespère toute tentative d’interprétation ; il doit s’agir d’une
phrase hébraïque non comprise. ǁ layyan
bi-’alsinati-him « par gauchissement dans la prononciation ». Text. :
par enroulement au moyen de leurs langues. L’expression est claire, en son
contexte, et semble avoir servi à expliquer celle de la sourate III,
72.
46
47
▶
Note [édition originale] : Les ramenant à
leur premier aspect. Text. : ramenant [ces visages] sur leurs arrières.
ǁ Les Transgresseurs du sabbat. Text. : les
Détenteurs du sabbat.
48
49
50
51
▶
Note [édition originale] : De
ceux qui sont infidèles = des Polythéistes. ǁ Qui se
disent croyants. Text. : qui sont croyants = les Musulmans.
52
▶
Note [édition originale] : [Ces gens]. Text. :
ceux-là.
53
54
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ces gens-ci = les Croyants.
55
▶
Note [édition originale] : Parmi [les descendants d’Abraham]. Text. : parmi eux.
56
57
[Commandement aux Croyants.]
58
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. et le suiv., dits Versets des Émirs, ont servi aux juristes pour définir
les rapports du souverain et de ses sujets, dans l’État islamique. Le prince
reçoit l’autorité comme un dépôt dont il est responsable vis-à-vis de
tous.
59
[Contre les Hypocrites.]
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. paraît être une insertion ultérieure.
70
▶
Note [édition originale] : Combien
Allah etc. Text. : Combien Allah suffit comme omniscient.
[Obligation de la Guerre Sainte.]
71
72
▶
Note [édition originale] : Le développement qui commence ici fait allusion au manque de
zèle à combattre, chez un Croyant (et non chez un groupe de Croyants, comme
le disent les commt.). Peut-être s’agit-il du notable médinois ‛Abd-Allah i.
Ubayy qui, avant Ohod, déconseilla d’engager la bataille hors de Médine. —
lam ’akun šahîdan « je n’ai pas été témoin ». Autre
sens : Je ne suis pas [tombé],
en martyr.
73
▶
Note [édition originale] : Avec
[ces Croyants]. Text. : avec eux.
74
75
▶
Note [édition originale] : Qui
disaient. Le texte porte : qui
disent.
76
77
78
▶
Note [édition originale] : Puissantes. Text. : construites à chaux.
79
80
[Contre les Hypocrites.]
81
82
83
84
[Commandements aux Croyants.]
85
86
87
[Politique a l’égard des Hypocrites.]
88
89
▶
Note [édition originale] : yuhâjirû fî sabîli
llâhi « ils émigrent (sic) dans le Chemin
d’Allah. » La même expression se retrouve vt. 101. Ici, elle fait
difficulté. Comme il s’agit en effet d’Hypocrites (donc de Médinois), il ne
saurait être question de leur demander d’émigrer de
la Mekke, pour rallier le Prophète. Razi, dit que, par hâjara « émigrer », il faut parfois entendre : « se transporter de la
Mekke à Médine », parfois : « passer de l’accomplissement des actes païens à
celui des actes pieux dictés par l’Islam ». Cette interprétation reste
cependant suspecte. Peut-être faudrait-il corriger yuhâjirû par yujâhidû « ils mènent
combat ».
90
▶
Note [édition originale] : ’alqaw ’ilay-kumu
s-salama « et se rendent à vous à merci ». Il n’est pas possible de
traduire l’expression par : « et vous offrent la paix », car il s’agit de
gens qui, à l’avance, refusent le combat et qui sont donc prêts à se
soumettre. ǁ Nulle justification etc. Text. : nulle
voie.
91
[Du prix du sang pour meurtre involontaire ou
volontaire.]
92
93
[Avis aux Croyants, au sujet de la lutte contre les
Infidèles.]
94
▶
Note [édition originale] : Quand vous vous engagez dans
le Chemin d’Allah = quand vous commencez la lutte contre les
Incroyants. ǁ tabayyanû « voyez bien clair ». Tab.,
139, glose par : « Ne vous hâtez point de tuer celui dont le cas est douteux
en sorte que vous ne savez point s’il est réellement converti ou infidèle. »
La var. taṯabbatû « soyez pondérés » confirme ce
sens. ǁ Recherchant [par là]
etc. Il faut comprendre : Par appât du butin, ne vous obstinez pas à
déclarer infidèle (donc susceptible d’être pillé et rançonné) un homme qui
se rend et se déclare musulman.
95
▶
Note [édition originale] : Exception faite etc. Cette phrase est une insertion
ultérieure.
96
[De l’obligation faite, a des Mekkois convertis, de rejoindre
Médine.]
97
▶
Note [édition originale] : Sur cette obligation de rallier Médine, après
conversion, v. vt. 91 et la note.
98
99
100
▶
Note [édition originale] : murâġamân
« possibilités ». Le mot n’offre plus de sens clair aux commt.
[De la Prière en voyage ou face a l’ennemi.]
101
102
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce texte est très obscur à cause de
l’ambiguïté des pronoms. — fî-him « à la tête des
Croyants ». Text. : parmi eux. ǁ ’iḍâ sajadû « quand
[les Croyants] se prosternent ». Text. : quand ils se prosternent. ǁ Derrière vous. C.-à-d. : derrière la rangée de
combattants groupés autour du Prophète, face à l’ennemi, pour protéger ceux
qui sont prosternés. ǁ Que l’autre parti. Text. :
qu’un autre parti.
103
[Encouragement aux Croyants.]
104
[Contre les traîtres a l’Islam.]
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
[Contre les Polythéistes. Rétribution selon les œuvres.]
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
▶
Note [édition originale] : Celui qui s’est
soumis etc. Même trait sourate II, 106.
126
[Dispositions relatives aux orphelins et aux épouses.]
127
▶
Note [édition originale] : yatâmā n-nisâ’i « les orphelines ». Text. : les orphelins
des femmes. Var. yayâma « les veuves ». ǁ Ce qui est prescrit en leur faveur. Les commt.
comprennent qu’il s’agit de la part d’héritage qui revient aux
orphelines.
128
129
▶
Note [édition originale] : N’en
laissez point etc. Text. : ne la laissez point comme celle qui est
suspendue. Ce vt. rompt l’enchaînement du vt. précédent et du
suiv.
130
[Omnipotence divine.]
131
132
133
134
135
[Contre les Hypocrites.]
136
137
▶
Note [édition originale] : Les verbes, à l’ « accompli », offrent un
sens double. La version A vise des apostats, mais le
vt. suiv. ne parle que des Hypocrites. La version B,
la seule admise par les commt., vise les Fils d’Israël : ceux-ci, avec
Moïse, reçurent la foi qu’ils rejetèrent en adorant le Veau d’Or ; ils y
revinrent d’ailleurs aussitôt mais rejetèrent le Christianisme et l’Islam,
quand ils leur furent prêchés.
138
139
140
▶
Note [édition originale] : Quand vous entendez etc. Ce passage
réfère nettement à la sourate VI, 67. Mais il faut souligner que la citation
n’est pas textuelle. ǁ Avec ceux qui font cela.
Text. : avec eux. ǁ Les Infidèles. Ce sens paraît
préférable à Incrédules qui, à l’époque où nous
sommes, s’applique aux Juifs médinois. Les Hypocrites semblent ici assimilés
aux Polythéistes.
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
▶
Note [édition originale] : Le sens paraît être : Qu’importe à Allah de punir ? Il
aimerait mieux vous récompenser si vous êtes croyants.
148
▶
Note [édition originale] : Allah n’aime pas… en paroles = Allah
n’aime pas qu’on attaque son prochain par médisance.
149
[Contre les Juifs médinois.]
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
▶
Note [édition originale] : Il est
clair que ce vt. et les suiv. sont une addition ultérieure.
157
▶
Note [édition originale] : šubbiha la-hum « son
sosie » etc. Text. : il lui fut ressemblé pour eux. Cette thèse est
d’origine gnostique. Les données rassemblées par Tab., sont intéressantes.
Certaines en effet, développent uniquement le trait coranique. Une série
d’autres, au contraire, résume le récit évangélique sur la Cène, la station
au Mont des Oliviers et le baiser de Judas ; elle ajoute que ce baiser fut
donné à un chrétien nommé Serge qui, miraculeusement, avait pris la
ressemblance de Jésus ; ce fut donc en fait ce Serge qui subit la
crucifixion et non Jésus.
158
159
▶
Note [édition originale] : Il n’est [personne]… avant sa mort. Phrase traduite
exactement pour en souligner l’incertitude. Au lieu de : avant sa mort = avant la mort de Jésus (ou encore : avant la mort de
ce Détenteur de l’Écriture), on a la var. : avant leur
mort. Cette var. n’est pas meilleure que la leçon de la Vulgate qui,
semble-t-il, offre une lacune après : de
l’Écriture.
[Origine des interdictions alimentaires imposées aux Juifs.
Vérité de la nouvelle Révélation qui complète les messages
antérieurs.]
160
161
▶
Note [édition originale] : Au nom du Faux. Autre sens : en [toute] fausseté.
162
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt., par le sens, se relie mal au précédent. Le mais pourrait bien être entièrement rédactionnel. — Enracinés en la Science, V. sourate III, 5 et la note
vers la fin.
163
▶
Note [édition originale] : Cette énumération de Prophètes
ne comprend plus les Prophètes arabes Houd, Salih et Cho‛aïb. L’énumération
commence par ordre chronologique, mais s’achève par association d’idées.
Geiger se fonde sur elle pour conclure que Mahomet n’a point eu une
connaissance directe de la Bible.
164
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. n’est pas lié
grammaticalement au précédent. La phrase : [Nous avons
envoyé] est restituée par les commt.
165
166
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. s’enchaîne, semble-t-il,
au vt. 161.
167
168
169
[Appel a la conversion. Contre le dogme de la Trinité
chrétienne. Récompense selon les œuvres.]
170
▶
Note [édition originale] : Si vous êtes incrédules… La phrase
est en suspens.
171
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. très important est traduit avec
l’absolue littéralité qu’il exige. — A Lui ne plaise
etc. Text. : Gloire à Lui qu’Il ait un
enfant.
172
172
173
173
174
175
[Addition aux dispositions concernant les successions.]
176
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. est le complément du
vt. 15 auquel il est très postérieur, si l’on en croit les données
d’ailleurs très divergentes de l’exégèse.
Women
In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
1
Mankind, fear your Lord, who created you of a single soul, and from it created its mate, and from the pair of them scattered abroad many men and women; and fear God by whom you demand one of another, and the wombs; surely God ever watches over you.
2
Give the orphans their property, and do not exchange the corrupt for the good; and devour not their property with your property; surely that is a great crime.
3
If you fear that you will not act justly towards the orphans, marry such women as seem good to you, two, three, four; but if you fear you will not be equitable, then only one, or what your right hands own; so it is likelier you will not be partial.
4
And give the women their dowries as a gift spontaneous; but if they are pleased to offer you any of it, consume it with wholesome appetite.
5
But do not give to fools their property that God has assigned to you to manage; provide for them and clothe them out of it, and speak to them honourable words.
6
Test well the orphans, until they reach the age of marrying; then, if you perceive in them right judgment, deliver to them their property; consume it not wastefully and hastily ere they are grown. If any man is rich, let him be abstinent; if poor, let him consume in reason. And when you deliver to them their property, take witnesses over them; God suffices for a reckoner.
7
To the men a share of what parents and kinsmen leave, and to the women a share of what parents and kinsmen leave, whether it be little or much, a share apportioned;
8
and when the division is attended by kinsmen and orphans and the poor, make provision for them out of it, and speak to them honourable words.
9
And let those fear who, if they left behind them weak seed, would be afraid on their account, and let them fear God, and speak words hitting the mark.
10
Those who devour the property of orphans unjustly, devour Fire in their bellies, and shall assuredly roast in a Blaze.
11
God charges you, concerning your children: to the male the like of the portion of two females, and if they be women above two, then for them two-thirds of what he leaves, but if she be one then to her a half; and to his parents to each one of the two the sixth of what he leaves, if he has children; but if he has no children, and his heirs are his parents, a third to his mother, or, if he has brothers, to his mother a sixth, after any bequest he may bequeath, or any debt. Your fathers and your sons -- you know not which out of them is nearer in profit to you. So God apportions; surely God is All-knowing, All-wise.
12
And for you a half of what your wives leave, if they have no children; but if they have children, then for you of what they leave a fourth, after any bequest they may bequeath, or any debt. And for them a fourth of what you leave, if you have no children; but if you have children, then for them of what you leave an eighth, after any bequest you may bequeath, or any debt. If a man or a woman have no heir direct, but have a brother or a sister, to each of the two a sixth; but if they are more numerous than that, they share equally a third, after any bequest he may bequeath, or any debt not prejudicial; a charge from God. God is All-knowing, All-clement.
13
Those are God’s bounds. Whoso obeys God and His Messenger, He will admit him to gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein dwelling forever; that is the mighty triumph.
14
But whoso disobeys God, and His Messenger, and transgresses His bounds, him He will admit to a Fire, therein dwelling forever, and for him there awaits a humbling chastisement.
15
Such of your women as commit indecency, call four of you to witness against them; and if they witness, then detain them in their houses until death takes them or God appoints for them a way.
16
And when two of you commit indecency, punish them both; but if they repent and make amends, then suffer them to be; God turns, and is All-compassionate.
17
God shall turn only towards those who do evil in ignorance, then shortly repent; God will return towards those; God is All-knowing, All-wise.
18
But God shall not turn towards those who do evil deeds until, when one of them is visited by death, he says, ‘Indeed now I repent,’ neither to those who die disbelieving; for them We have prepared a painful chastisement.
19
O believers, it is not lawful for you to inherit women against their will; neither debar them, that you may go off with part of what you have given them, except when they commit a flagrant indecency Consort with them honourably; or if you are averse to them, it is possible you may be averse to a thing, and God set in it much good.
20
And if you desire to exchange a wife in place of another, and you have given to one a hundredweight, take of it nothing. What, will you take it by way of calumny and manifest sin?
21
How shall you take it, when each of you has been privily with the other, and they have taken from you a solemn compact?
22
And do not marry women that your fathers married, unless it be a thing of the past; surely that is indecent and hateful; an evil way.
23
Forbidden to you are your mothers and daughters, your sisters, your aunts paternal and maternal, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your mothers who have given suck to you, your suckling sisters, your wives’ mothers, your stepdaughters who are in your care being born of your wives you have been in to -- but if you have not yet been in to them it is no fault in you - and the spouses of your sons who are of your loins, and that you should take to you two sisters together, unless it be a thing of the past; God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate;
24
and wedded women, save what your right hands own. So God prescribes for you. Lawful for you, beyond all that, is that you may seek, using your wealth, in wedlock and not in licence. Such wives as you enjoy thereby, give them their wages apportionate; it is no fault in you in your agreeing together, after the due apportionate. God is All-knowing, All-wise.
25
Any one of you who has not the affluence to be able to marry believing freewomen in wedlock, let him take believing handmaids that your right hands own; God knows very well your faith; the one of you is as the other. So marry them, with their people’s leave, and give them their wages honourably as women in wedlock, not as in licence or taking lovers. But when they are in wedlock, if they commit indecency, they shall be liable to half the chastisement of freewomen. That provision is for those of you who fear fornication; yet it is better for you to be patient. God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
26
God desires to make clear to you, and to guide you in the institutions of those before you, and to turn towards you; God is All-knowing, All-wise;
27
and God desires to turn towards you, but those who follow their lusts desire you to swerve away mightily.
28
God desires to lighten things for you, for man was created a weakling.
29
O believers, consume not your goods between you in vanity, except there be trading, by your agreeing together. And kill not one another. Surely God is compassionate to you.
30
But whosoever does that in transgression and wrongfully, him We shall certainly roast at a Fire; and that for God is an easy matter.
31
If you avoid the heinous sins that are forbidden you, We will acquit you of your evil deeds, and admit you by the gate of honour.
32
Do not covet that whereby God in bounty has preferred one of you above another. To the men a share from what they have earned, and to the women a share from what they have earned. And ask God of His bounty; God knows everything.
33
To everyone We have appointed heirs of that which parents and kinsmen leave, and those with whom you have sworn compact. So give to them their share; God is witness over everything.
34
Men are the managers of the affairs of women for that God has preferred in bounty one of them over another, and for that they have expended of their property. Righteous women are therefore obedient, guarding the secret for God’s guarding. And those you fear may be rebellious admonish; banish them to their couches, and beat them. If they then obey you, look not for any way against them; God is All-high, All-great.
35
And if you fear a breach between the two, bring forth an arbiter from his people and from her people an arbiter, if they desire to set things right; God will compose their differences; surely God is All-knowing, All-aware.
36
Serve God, and associate naught with Him. Be kind to parents, and the near kinsman, and to orphans, and to the needy, and to the neighbour who is of kin, and to the neighbour who is a stranger, and to the companion at your side, and to the traveller, and to that your right hands own. Surely God loves not the proud and boastful
37
such as are niggardly, and bid other men to be niggardly, and themselves conceal the bounty that God has given them. We have prepared for the unbelievers a humbling chastisement,
38
and such as expend of their substance to show off to men, and believe not in God and the Last Day. Whosoever has Satan for a comrade, an evil comrade is he.
39
Why, what would it harm them, if they believed in God and the Last Day, and expended of that God has provided them? God knows them.
40
Surely God shall not wrong so much as the weight of an ant; and if it be a good deed He will double it, and give from Himself a mighty wage.
41
How then shall it be, when We bring forward from every nation a witness, and bring thee to witness against those?
42
Upon that day the unbelievers, those who have disobeyed the Messenger, will wish that the earth might be levelled with them; and they will not conceal from God one tiding.
43
O believers, draw not near to prayer when you are drunken until you know what you are saying, or defiled -- unless you are traversing a way -- until you have washed yourselves; but if you are sick, or on a journey, or if any of you comes from the privy, or you have touched women, and you can find no water, then have recourse to wholesome dust and wipe your faces and your hands; God is All-pardoning, All-forgiving.
44
Hast thou not regarded those who were given a share of the Book purchasing error, and desiring that you should also err from the way?
45
God knows well your enemies; God suffices as a protector, God suffices as a helper.
46
Some of the Jews pervert words from their meanings saying, ‘We have heard and we disobey’ and ‘Hear, and be thou not given to hear’ and ‘Observe us,’ twisting with their tongues and traducing religion. If they had said, ‘We have heard and obey’ and ‘Hear’ and ‘Regard us,’ it would have been better for them, and more upright; but God has cursed them for their unbelief so they believe not except a few.
47
You who have been given the Book, believe in what We have sent down, confirming what is with you, before We obliterate faces, and turn them upon their backs, or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-men, and God’s command is done.
48
God forgives not that aught should be with Him associated; less than that He forgives to whomsoever He will. Whoso associates with God anything, has indeed forged a mighty sin.
49
Hast thou not regarded those who purify themselves? Nay; only God purifies whom He will; and they shall not be wronged a single date-thread.
50
Consider how they forge falsehood against God; and that suffices for a manifest sin;
51
Hast thou not regarded those who were given a share of the Book believing in demons and idols, and saying to the unbelievers, ‘These are more rightly guided on the way than the believers’?
52
Those are they whom God has cursed; he whom God has cursed, thou wilt not find for him any helper.
53
Or have they a share in the Kingdom? If that is so, they do not give the people a single date-spot.
54
Or are they jealous of the people for the bounty that God has given them? Yet We gave the people of Abraham the Book and the Wisdom, and We gave them a mighty kingdom.
55
And some of them there are that believe, and some of them that bar from it; Gehenna suffices for a Blaze!
56
Surely those who disbelieve in Our signs -- We shall certainly roast them at a Fire; as often as their skins are wholly burned, We shall give them in exchange other skins, that they may taste the chastisement. Surely God is All-mighty, All-wise.
57
And those that believe, and do deeds of righteousness, them We shall admit to gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein dwelling forever and ever; therein for them shall be spouses purified, and We shall admit them to a shelter of plenteous shade.
58
God commands you to deliver trusts back to their owners; and when you judge between the people, that you judge with justice. Good is the admonition God gives you; God is All-hearing, All-seeing.
59
O believers, obey God, and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. If you should quarrel on anything, refer it to God and the Messenger, if you believe in God and the Last Day; that is better, and fairer in the issue.
60
Hast thou not regarded those who assert that they believe in what has been sent down to thee, and what was sent down before thee, desiring to take their disputes to idols, yet they have been commanded to disbelieve in them? But Satan desires to lead them astray into far error.
61
And when it is said to them, ‘Come now to what God has sent down, and the Messenger,’ then thou seest the hypocrites barring the way to thee.
62
How shall it be, when they are visited by an affliction for what their own hands have forwarded, then they come to thee swearing by God, ‘We sought only kindness and conciliation’?
63
Those -- God knows what is in their hearts; so turn away from them, and admonish them, and say to them penetrating words about themselves.
64
We sent not ever any Messenger, but that he should he obeyed, by the leave of God. If; when they wronged themselves, they had come to thee, and prayed forgiveness of God, and the Messenger had prayed forgiveness for them, they would have found God turns, All-compassionate.
65
But no, by thy Lord! they will not believe till they make thee the judge regarding the disagreement between them, then they shall find in themselves no impediment touching thy verdict, but shall surrender in full submission.
66
But had We prescribed for them, saying, ‘Slay yourselves’ or ‘Leave your habitations,’ they would not have done it, save a few of them; yet if they had done as they were admonished it would have been better for them, and stronger confirming them,
67
and then We surely would have given them from Us a mighty wage,
68
and guided them on a straight path.
69
Whosoever obeys God, and the Messenger -- they are with those whom God has blessed, Prophets, just men, martyrs, the righteous; good companions they!
70
That is the bounty from God; God suffices as One who knows.
71
O believers, take your precautions; then move forward in companies, or move forward all together.
72
Some of you there are that are dilatory; then, if an affliction visits you, he says, ‘God has blessed me, in that I was not a martyr with them.’
73
But if a bounty from God visits you, he will surely say, as if there had never been any affection between you and him, ‘Would that I had been with them, to attain a mighty triumph!’
74
So let them fight in the way of God who sell the present life for the world to come; and whosoever fights in the way of God and is slain, or conquers, We shall bring him a mighty wage.
75
How is it with you, that you do not fight in the way of God, and for the men, women, and children who, being abased, say, ‘Our Lord, bring us forth from this city whose people are evildoers, and appoint t us a protector from Thee, and appoint to us from Thee a helper’?
76
The believers fight in the way of God, and the unbelievers fight in the idols’ way. Fight you therefore against the friends of Satan; surely the guile of Satan is ever feeble.
77
Hast thou not regarded those to whom it was said, ‘Restrain your hands, and perform the prayer, and pay the alms’? Then, as soon as fighting is prescribed for them, there is a party of them fearing the people as they would fear God, or with a greater fear, and they say, ‘Our Lord, why hast thou prescribed fighting for us? Why not defer us to a near term?’ Say: ‘The enjoyment of this world is little; the world to come is better for him who fears God; you shall not be wronged a single date-thread.’
78
Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, though you should be in raised-up towers. And if a good thing visits them, they say, ‘This is from God’ but if an evil thing visits them, they say, ‘This is from thee.’ Say: ‘Everything is from God.’ How is it with this people? They scarcely understand any tiding.
79
Whatever good visits thee, it is of God; whatever evil visits thee is of thyself. And We have sent thee to men a Messenger; God suffices for a witness.
80
Whosoever obeys the Messenger, thereby obeys God; and whosoever turns his back - We have not sent thee to be a watcher over them.
81
They say, ‘Obedience’ but when they sally forth from thee, a party of them meditate all night on other than what thou sayest. God writes down their meditations; so turn away from them, and put thy trust in God; God suffices for a guardian.
82
What, do they not ponder the Koran? If it had been from other than God surely they would have found in it much inconsistency.
83
When there comes to them a matter, be it of security or fear, they broadcast it; if they had referred it to the Messenger and to those in authority among them, those of them whose task it is to investigate would have known the matter. And but for the bounty of God to you, and His mercy, you would surely have followed Satan, except a few.
84
So do thou fight in the way of God; thou art charged only with thyself. And urge on the believers; haply God will restrain the unbelievers’ might; God is stronger in might, more terrible in punishing.
85
Whoso intercedes with a good intercession shall receive a share of it; whosoever intercedes with a bad intercession, he shall receive the like of it; God has power over everything.
86
And when you are greeted with a greeting greet with a fairer than it, or return it; surely God keeps a watchful count over everything.
87
God -- there is no god but He. He will surely gather you to the Resurrection Day, no doubt of it. And who is truer in tidings than God?
88
How is it with you, that you are two parties touching the hypocrites, and God has overthrown them for what they earned? What, do you desire to guide him whom God has led astray? Whom God leads astray, thou wilt not find for him a way.
89
They wish that you should disbelieve as they disbelieve, and then you would be equal; therefore take not to yourselves friends of them, until they emigrate in the way of God; then, if they turn their backs, take them, and slay them wherever you find them; take not to yourselves any one of them as friend or helper
90
except those that betake themselves to a people who are joined with you by a compact, or come to you with breasts constricted from fighting with you or fighting their people. Had God willed, He would have given them authority over you, and then certainly they would have fought you. If they withdraw from you, and do not fight you, and offer you peace, then God assigns not any way to you against them.
91
You will find others desiring to be secure from you, and secure from their people, yet whenever they are returned to temptation, they are overthrown in it. If they withdraw not from you, and offer you peace, and restrain their hands, take them, and slay them wherever you come on them; against them We have given you a clear authority.
92
It belongs not to a believer to slay a believer, except it be by error. If any slays a believer by error, then let him set free a believing slave, and bloodwit is to be paid to his family unless they forgo it as a freewill offering. If he belong to a people at enmity with you and is a believer, let the slayer set free a believing slave. If he belong to a people joined with you by a compact, then bloodwit is to be paid to his family and the slayer shall set free a believing slave. But if he finds not the means, let him fast two successive months -- God’s turning; God is All-knowing, All-wise.
93
And whoso slays a believer wilfully, his recompense is Gehenna, therein dwelling forever, and God will be wroth with him and will curse him, and prepare for him a mighty chastisement.
94
O believers, when you are journeying in the path of God, be discriminating, and do not say to him who offers you a greeting, ‘Thou art not a believer,’ seeking the chance goods of the present life. With God are spoils abundant. So you were aforetime; but God has been gracious to you. So be discriminating; surely God is aware of the things you do.
95
Such believers as sit at home -- unless they have an injury -- are not the equals of those who struggle in the path of God with their possessions and their selves. God has preferred in rank those who struggle with their possessions and their selves over the ones who sit at home; yet to each God has promised the reward most fair; and God has preferred those who struggle over the ones who sit at home for the bounty of a mighty wage,
96
in ranks standing before Him, forgiveness and mercy; surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
97
And those the angels take, while still they are wronging themselves -- the angels will say, ‘In what circumstances were you?’ They will say, ‘We were abased in the earth.’ The angels will say, ‘But was not God’s earth wide, so that you might have emigrated in it?’ Such men, their refuge shall be Gehenna -- an evil homecoming! --
98
except the men, women, and children who, being abased, can devise nothing and are not guided to a way;
99
haply them God will yet pardon, for God is All-pardoning, All-forgiving.
100
Whoso emigrates in the way of God will find in the earth many refuges and plenty; whoso goes forth from his house an emigrant to God and His Messenger, and then death overtakes him, his wage shall have fallen on God; surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
101
And when you are journeying in the land there is no fault in you that you shorten the prayer, if you fear the unbelievers may afflict you; the unbelievers are for you a manifest foe.
102
When thou art amongst them, and performest for them the prayer, let a party of them stand with thee, and let them take their weapons. When they bow themselves, let them be behind you; and let another party who have not prayed come and pray with thee, taking their precautions and their weapons. The unbelievers wish that you should be heedless of your weapons and your baggage, then they would wheel on you all at once. There is no fault in you, if rain molests you, or you are sick, to lay aside your weapons; but take your precautions. God has prepared for the unbelievers a humbling chastisement.
103
When you have performed the prayer, remember God, standing and sitting and on your sides. Then, when you are secure, perform the prayer; surely the prayer is a timed prescription for the believers.
104
Faint not in seeking the heathen; if you are suffering, they are also suffering as you are suffering, and you are hoping from God for that for which they cannot hope; God is All-knowing, All-wise.
105
Surely We have sent down to thee the Book with the truth, so that thou mayest judge between the people by that God has shown thee. So be not an advocate for the traitors;
106
and pray forgiveness of God; surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
107
And do not dispute on behalf of those who betray themselves; surely God loves not the guilty traitor.
108
They hide themselves from men, but hide not themselves from God; for He is with them while they meditate at night discourse unpleasing to Him; God encompasses the things they do.
109
Ha, there you are; you have disputed on their behalf in the present life; but who will dispute with God on their behalf on the Resurrection Day, or who will be a guardian for them?
110
Whosoever does evil, or wrongs himself; and then prays God’s forgiveness, he shall find God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
111
And whosoever earns a sin, earns it against himself only; and God is ever All-knowing, All-wise.
112
And whosoever earns a fault or a sin and then casts it upon the innocent, thereby has laid upon himself calumny and manifest sin.
113
But for God’s bounty to thee and His mercy a party of them purposed to lead thee astray; but they lead only themselves astray; they do not hurt thee in anything. God has sent down on thee the Book and the Wisdom, and He has taught thee that thou knewest not; God’s’ bounty to thee is ever great.
114
No good is there in much of their conspiring, except for him who bids to freewill offering, or honour, or setting things right between the people. Whoso does that, seeking God’s good pleasure, We shall surely give him a mighty wage.
115
But whoso makes a breach with the Messenger after the guidance has become clear to him and follows a way other than the believers’ him We shall turn over to what he has turned to and We shall roast him in Gehenna - an evil homecoming!
116
God forgives not that aught should be with Him associated; less than that He forgives to whomsoever He will. Whoso associates with God anything, has gone astray into far error.
117
In stead of Him, they pray not except to female beings; they pray not except to a rebel Satan accursed by God.
118
He said, ‘Assuredly I will take unto myself a portion appointed of Thy servants,
119
and I will lead them astray, and fill them with fancies and I will command them and they will cut off the cattle’s ears; I will command them and they will alter God’s creation.’ Whoso takes Satan to him for a friend, instead of God, has surely suffered a manifest loss.
120
He promises them and fills them with fancies, but there is nothing Satan promises them except delusion.
121
Such men -- their refuge shall be Gehenna, and they shall find no asylum from it.
122
But those that believe, and do deeds of righteousness, them We shall admit to gardens underneath which rivers flow, therein dwelling for ever and ever; God’s promise in truth; and who is truer in speech than God?
123
It is not your fancies, nor the fancies of the People of the Book. Whosoever does evil shall be recompensed for it, and will not find for him, apart from God, a friend or helper.
124
And whosoever does deeds of righteousness, be it male or female, believing - they shall enter Paradise, and not be wronged a single date-spot.
125
And who is there that has a fairer religion than he who submits his will to God being a good-doer, and who follows the creed of Abraham, a man of pure faith? And God took Abraham for a friend.
126
To God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth, and God encompasses everything.
127
They will ask thee for a pronouncement concerning women. Say: ‘God pronounces to you concerning them, and what is recited to you in the Book concerning the orphan women to whom you give not what is prescribed for them, and yet desire to marry them, and the oppressed children, and that you secure justice for orphans. Whatever good you do, God knows of it.’
128
If a woman fear rebelliousness or aversion in her husband, there is no fault in them if the couple set things right between them; right settlement is better; and souls are very prone to avarice. If you do good and are godfearing, surely God is aware of the things you do.
129
You will not be able to be equitable between your wives, be you ever so eager; yet do not be altogether partial so that you leave her as it were suspended. If you set things right, and are godfearing, God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
130
But if they separate, God will enrich each of them of His plenty; God is All-embracing, All-wise.
131
To God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth. We have charged those who were given the Book before you, and you, ‘Fear God.’ If you disbelieve, to God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth; God is All-sufficient, All-laudable.
132
To God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth; God suffices for a guardian.
133
If He will, He can put you away, O men, and bring others; surely God is powerful over that.
134
Whoso desires the reward of this world, with God is the reward of this world and of the world to come; God is All-hearing, All-seeing.
135
O believers, be you securers of justice, witnesses for God, even though it be against yourselves, or your parents and kinsmen, whether the man be rich or poor; God stands closest to either. Then follow not caprice, so as to swerve; for if you twist or turn, God is aware of the things you do.
136
O believers, believe in God and His Messenger and the Book He has sent down on His Messenger and the Book which He sent down before. Whoso disbelieves in God and His angels and His Books, and His Messengers, and the Last Day, has surely gone astray into far error.
137
Those who believe, and then disbelieve, and then believe, and then disbelieve, and then increase in unbelief-God is not likely to forgive them, neither to guide them on any way.
138
Give thou good tidings to the hypocrites that for them awaits a painful chastisement.
139
Those who take unbelievers for their friends instead of believers -- do they seek glory in them? But glory altogether belongs to God.
140
He has sent down upon you in the Book: ‘When you hear God’s signs being disbelieved and made mock of, do not sit with them until they plunge into some other talk, or else you will surely be like to them.’ God will gather the hypocrites and the unbelievers all in Gehenna.
141
Those who wait upon you and, if a victory comes to you from God, say, ‘Were we not with you?’ but if the unbelievers get a share, they say, ‘Did we not gain the mastery over you, and did we not defend you from the believers?’ God will judge between you on the Resurrection Day, and God will not grant the unbelievers any way over the believers.
142
The hypocrites seek to trick God, but God is tricking them. When they stand up to pray they stand up lazily, showing off to the people and not remembering God save a little;
143
wavering all the time -- not to these, not to those; and whom God leads astray, thou wilt not find for him a way.
144
O believers, take not the unbelievers as friends instead of the believers; or do you desire to give God over you a clear authority?
145
Surely the hypocrites will be in the lowest reach of the Fire; thou wilt not find for them any helper;
146
save such as repent, and make amends, and hold fast to God, and make their religion sincerely God’s; those are with the believers, and God will certainly give the believers a mighty wage.
147
What would God do with chastising you if you are thankful, and believe? God is All-thankful, All-knowing.
148
God likes not the shouting of evil words unless a man has been wronged; God is All-hearing, All-knowing.
149
If you do good openly or in secret or pardon an evil, surely God is All-pardoning, All-powerful.
150
Those who disbelieve in God and His Messengers and desire to make division between God and His Messengers, and say, ‘We believe in part, and disbelieve in part,’ desiring to take between this and that a way --
151
those in truth are the unbelievers; and We have prepared for the unbelievers a humbling chastisement.
152
And those who believe in God and His Messengers and make no division between any of them, those -- We shall surely give them their wages; God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
153
The People of the Book will ask thee to bring down upon them a Book from heaven; and they asked Moses for greater than that, for they said, ‘Show us God openly.’ And the thunderbolt took them for their evildoing. Then they took to themselves the Calf, after the clear signs had come to them; yet We pardoned them that, and We bestowed upon Moses a clear authority.
154
And We raised above them the Mount, taking compact with them; and We said to them, ‘Enter in at the gate, prostrating’ and We said to them, ‘Transgress not the Sabbath’ and We took from them a solemn compact.
155
So, for their breaking the compact, and disbelieving in the signs of God, and slaying the Prophets without right, and for their saying, ‘Our hearts are uncircumcised’-- nay, but God sealed them for their unbelief, so they believe not, except a few --
156
and for their unbelief, and their uttering against Mary a mighty calumny,
157
and for their saying, ‘We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of God’-- yet they did not slay him, neither crucified him, only a likeness of that was shown to them. Those who are at variance concerning him surely are in doubt regarding him; they have no knowledge of him, except the following of surmise; and they slew him not of a certainty -- no indeed;
158
God raised him up to Him; God is All-mighty, All-wise.
159
There is not one of the People of the Book but will assuredly believe in him before his death, and on the Resurrection Day he will be a witness against them.
160
And for the evildoing of those of Jewry, We have forbidden them certain good things that were permitted to them, and for their barring from God’s way many,
161
and for their taking usury, that they were prohibited, and consuming the wealth of the people in vanity; and We have prepared for the unbelievers among them a painful chastisement.
162
But those of them that are firmly rooted in knowledge, and the believers believing in what has been sent down to thee, and what was sent down before thee, that perform the prayer and pay the alms, and those who believe in God and the Last Day - them We shall surely give a mighty wage.
163
We have revealed to thee as We revealed to Noah, and the Prophets after him, and We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, Jesus and Job, Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and We gave to David Psalms,
164
and Messengers We have already told thee of before, and Messengers We have not told thee of; and unto Moses God spoke directly --
165
Messengers bearing good tidings, and warning, so that mankind might have no argument against God, after the Messengers; God is All-mighty, All-wise.
166
But God bears witness to that He has sent down to thee; He has sent it down with His knowledge; and the angels also bear witness; and God suffices for a witness.
167
Surely those who disbelieve, and bar from the way of God, have gone astray into far error.
168
Surely the unbelievers, who have done evil, God would not forgive them, neither guide them on any road
169
but the road to Gehenna, therein dwelling forever and ever; and that for God is an easy matter.
170
O men, the Messenger has now come to you with the truth from your Lord; so believe; better is it for you. And if you disbelieve, to God belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth; and God is All-knowing, All-wise.
171
People of the Book, go not beyond the bounds in your religion, and say not as to God but the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only the Messenger of God, and His Word that He committed to Mary, and a Spirit from Him. So believe in God and His Messengers, and say not, ‘Three.’ Refrain; better is it for you. God is only One God. Glory be to Him -- That He should have a son! To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and in the earth; God suffices for a guardian.
172
The Messiah will not disdain to be a servant of God, neither the angels who are near stationed to Him. Whosoever disdains to serve Him, and waxes proud, He will assuredly muster them to Him, all of them.
173
As for the believers, who do deeds of righteousness, He will pay them in full their wages, and He will give them more, of His bounty; and as for them who disdain, and wax proud, them He will chastise with a painful chastisement, and they shall not find for them, apart from God, a friend or helper.
174
O men, a proof has now come to you from your Lord; We have sent down to you a manifest light.
175
As for those who believe in God, and hold fast to Him, He will surely admit them to mercy from Him, and bounty, and will guide them to Him on a straight path.
176
They will ask thee for a pronouncement. Say: ‘God pronounces to you concerning the indirect heirs. If a man perishes having no children, but he has a sister, she shall receive a half of what he leaves, and he is her heir if she has no children. If there be two sisters, they shall receive two-thirds of what he leaves; if there be brothers and sisters, the male shall receive the portion of two females. God makes clear to you, lest you go astray; God has knowledge of everything."
Women
Revealed at Al-Madînah
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
1
O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. Be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a watcher over you.
2
Give unto orphans their wealth. Exchange not the good for the bad (in your management thereof) nor absorb their wealth into your own wealth. Lo! that would be a great sin.
3
And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; and if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.
4
And give unto the women (whom ye marry) free gift of their marriage portions; but if they of their own accord remit unto you a part thereof, then ye are welcome to absorb it (in your wealth).
5
Give not unto the foolish (what is in) your (keeping of their) wealth, which Allah hath given you to maintain; but feed and clothe them from it, and speak kindly unto them.
6
Prove orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up Whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). And when ye deliver up their fortune unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.
7
Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much - a legal share.
8
And when kinsfolk and orphans and the needy are present at the division (of the heritage), bestow on them therefrom and speak kindly unto them.
9
And let those fear (in their behaviour toward orphans) who if they left behind them weak offspring would be afraid for them. So let them mind their duty to Allah, and speak justly.
10
Lo! Those who devour the wealth of orphans wrongfully, they do but swallow fire into their bellies, and they will be exposed to burning flame.
11
Allah chargeth you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half. And to each of his parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; and if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.
12
And unto you belongeth a half of that which your wives leave, if they have no child; but if they have a child then unto you the fourth of that which they leave, after any legacy they may have bequeathed, or debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid). And unto them belongeth the fourth of that which ye leave if ye have no child, but if ye have a child then the eighth of that which ye leave, after any legacy ye may have bequeathed, or debt (ye may have contracted, hath been paid). And if a man or a woman have a distant heir (having left neither parent nor child), and he (or she) have a brother or a sister (only on the mother’s side) then to each of them twain (the brother and the sister) the sixth, and if they be more than two, then they shall be sharers in the third, after any legacy that may have been bequeathed or debt (contracted) not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage) hath been paid. A commandment from Allah. Allah is Knower, Indulgent.
13
These are the limits (imposed by) Allah. Whoso obeyeth Allah and His messenger, He will make him enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow, where such will dwell for ever. That will be the great success.
14
And whoso disobeyeth Allah and His messenger and transgresseth His limits, He will make him enter Fire, where he will dwell for ever; his will be a shameful doom.
15
As for those of your women who are guilty of lewdness, call to witness four of you against them. And if they testify (to the truth of the allegation) then confine them to the houses until death take them or (until) Allah appoint for them a way (through new legislation).
16
And as for the two of you who are guilty thereof, punish them both. And if they repent and improve, then let them be. Lo! Allah is ever relenting, Merciful.
17
Forgiveness is only incumbent on Allah toward those who do evil in ignorance (and) then turn quickly (in repentance) to Allah. These are they toward whom Allah relenteth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
18
The forgiveness is not for those who do ill-deeds until, when death attendeth upon one of them, he saith: Lo! I repent now; nor yet for those who die while they are disbelievers. For such We have prepared a painful doom.
19
O ye who believe! It is not lawful for you forcibly to inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen), nor (that) ye should put constraint upon them that ye may take away a part of that which ye have given them, unless they be guilty of flagrant lewdness. But consort with them in kindness, for if ye hate them it may happen that ye hate a thing wherein Allah hath placed much good.
20
And if ye wish to exchange one wife for another and ye have given unto one of them a sum of money (however great), take nothing from it. Would ye take it by the way of calumny and open wrong?
21
How can ye take it (back) after one of you hath gone in unto the other, and they have taken a strong pledge from you?
22
And marry not those women whom your fathers married, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! it was ever lewdness and abomination, and an evil way.
23
Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father’s sisters, and your mother’s sisters, and your brother’s daughters and your sister’s daughters, and your foster-mothers, and your foster-sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your step-daughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in - but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) - and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
24
And all married women (are forbidden unto you) save those (captives) whom your right hands possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. Lawful unto you are all beyond those mentioned, so that ye seek them with your wealth in honest wedlock, not debauchery. And those of whom ye seek content (by marrying them), give unto them their portions as a duty. And there is no sin for you in what ye do by mutual agreement after the duty (hath been done). Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
25
And whoso is not able to afford to marry free, believing women, let them marry from the believing maids whom your right hands possess. Allah knoweth best (concerning) your faith. Ye (proceed) one from another; so wed them by permission of their folk, and give unto them their portions in kindness, they being honest, not debauched nor of loose conduct. And if when they are honourably married they commit lewdness they shall incur the half of the punishment (prescribed) for free women (in that case). This is for him among you who feareth to commit sin. But to have patience would be better for you. Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
26
Allah would explain to you and guide you by the examples of those who were before you, and would turn to you in mercy. Allah is Knower, Wise.
27
And Allah would turn to you in mercy; but those who follow vain desires would have you go tremendously astray.
28
Allah would make the burden light for you, for man was created weak.
29
O ye who believe! Squander not your wealth among yourselves in vanity, except it be a trade by mutual consent, and kill not one another. Lo! Allah is ever Merciful unto you.
30
Whoso doeth that through aggression and injustice, we shall cast him into Fire, and that is ever easy for Allah.
31
If ye avoid the great (things) which ye are forbidden, We will remit from you your evil deeds and make you enter at a noble gate.
32
And covet not the thing in which Allah hath made some of you excel others. Unto men a fortune from that which they have earned, and unto women a fortune from that which they have earned. (Envy not one another) but ask Allah of His bounty. Lo! Allah is ever Knower of all things.
33
And unto each We have appointed heirs of that which parents and near kindred leave; and as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant, give them their due. Lo! Allah is ever Witness over all things.
34
Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.
35
And if ye fear a breach between them twain (the man and wife), appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire amendment Allah will make them of one mind. Lo! Allah is ever Knower, Aware.
36
And serve Allah. Ascribe no thing as partner unto Him. (Show) kindness unto parents, and unto near kindred, and orphans, and the needy, and unto the neighbour who is of kin (unto you) and the neighbour who is not of kin, and the fellow-traveller and the wayfarer and (the slaves) whom your right hands possess. Lo! Allah loveth not such as are proud and boastful,
37
Who hoard their wealth and enjoin avarice on others, and hide that which Allah hath bestowed upon them of His bounty. For disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom;
38
And (also) those who spend their wealth in order to be seen of men, and believe not in Allah nor the Last Day. Whoso taketh Satan for a comrade, a bad comrade hath he.
39
What have they (to fear) if they believe in Allah and the Last Day and spend (aright) of that which Allah hath bestowed upon them, when Allah is ever Aware of them (and all they do)?
40
Lo! Allah wrongeth not even of the weight of an ant; and if there is a good deed, He will double it and will give (the doer) from His presence an immense reward.
41
But how (will it be with them) when We bring of every people a witness, and We bring thee (O Muḥammad) a witness against these?
42
On that day those who disbelieved and disobeyed the messenger will wish that they were level with the ground, and they can hide no fact from Allah.
43
O ye who believe! Draw not near unto prayer when ye are drunken, till ye know that which ye utter, nor when ye are polluted, save when journeying upon the road, till ye have bathed. And if ye be ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from the closet, or ye have touched women, and ye find not water, then go to high clean soil and rub your faces and your hands (therewith). Lo! Allah is Benign, Forgiving.
44
Seest thou not those unto whom a portion of the Scripture hath been given, how they purchase error, and seek to make you (Muslims) err from the right way?
45
Allah knoweth best (who are) your enemies. Allah is sufficient as a Guardian, and Allah is sufficient as a Supporter.
46
Some of those who are Jews change words from their context and say: "We hear and disobey; hear thou as one who heareth not" and "Listen to us!" distorting with their tongues and slandering religion. If they had said: "We hear and we obey: hear thou, and look at us" it had been better for them, and more upright. But Allah hath cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not, save a few.
47
O ye unto whom the Scripture hath been given! Believe in what We have revealed confirming that which ye possess, before We destroy countenances so as to confound them, or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers (of old time). The commandment of Allah is always executed.
48
Lo! Allah forgiveth not that a partner should be ascribed unto Him. He forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribeth partners to Allah, he hath indeed invented a tremendous sin.
49
Hast thou not seen those who praise themselves for purity? Nay, Allah purifieth whom He will, and they will not be wronged even the hair upon a date-stone.
50
See, how they invent lies about Allah! That of itself is flagrant sin.
51
Hast thou not seen those unto whom a portion of the Scripture hath been given, how they believe in idols and false deities, and how they say of those (idolaters) who disbelieve: "These are more rightly guided than those who believe"?
52
Those are they whom Allah hath cursed, and he whom Allah hath cursed, thou (O Muḥammad) wilt find for him no helper.
53
Or have they even a share in the Sovereignty? Then in that case, they would not give mankind even the speck on a date-stone.
54
Or are they jealous of mankind because of that which Allah of His bounty hath bestowed upon them? For We bestowed upon the house of Abraham (of old) the Scripture and wisdom, and We bestowed on them a mighty kingdom.
55
And of them were (some) who believed therein and of them were (some) who turned away from it. Hell is sufficient for (their) burning.
56
Lo! Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them for fresh skins that they may taste the torment. Lo! Allah is ever Mighty, Wise.
57
And as for those who believe and do good works, We shall make them enter Gardens underneath which rivers flow - to dwell therein for ever; there for them are pure companions - and We shall make them enter plenteous shade.
58
Lo! Allah commandeth you that ye restore deposits to their owners, and, if ye judge between mankind, that ye judge justly. Lo! comely is this which Allah admonisheth you. Lo! Allah is ever Hearer, Seer.
59
O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the messenger and those of you who are in authority; and if ye have a dispute concerning any matter, refer it to Allah and the messenger if ye are (in truth) believers in Allah and the Last Day. That is better and more seemly in the end.
60
Hast thou not seen those who pretend that they believe in that which is revealed unto thee and that which was revealed before thee, how they would go for judgment (in their disputes) to false deities when they have been ordered to abjure them? Satan would mislead them far astray.
61
And when it is said unto them: Come unto that which Allah hath revealed and unto the messenger, thou seest the hypocrites turn from thee with aversion.
62
How would it be if a misfortune smote them because of that which their own hands have sent before (them)? Then would they come unto thee, swearing by Allah that they were seeking naught but harmony and kindness.
63
Those are they, the secrets of whose hearts Allah knoweth. So oppose them and admonish them, and address them in plain terms about their souls.
64
We sent no messenger save that he should be obeyed by Allah’s leave. And if, when they had wronged themselves, they had but come unto thee and asked forgiveness of Allah, and asked forgiveness of the messenger, they would have found Allah Forgiving, Merciful.
65
But nay, by thy Lord, they will not believe (in truth) until they make thee judge of what is in dispute between them and find within themselves no dislike of that which thou decidest, and submit with full submission.
66
And if We had decreed for them: Lay down your lives or go forth from your dwellings, but few of them would have done it; though if they did what they are exhorted to do it would be better for them, and more strengthening;
67
And then We should bestow upon them from Our presence an immense reward,
68
And should guide them unto a straight path.
69
Whoso obeyeth Allah and the messenger, they are with those unto whom Allah hath shown favour, of the prophets and the saints and the martyrs and the righteous. The best of company are they!
70
That is bounty from Allah, and Allah sufficeth as Knower.
71
O ye who believe! Take your precautions, then advance the proven ones, or advance all together.
72
Lo! among you there is he who loitereth; and if disaster overtook you, he would say: Allah hath been gracious unto me since I was not present with them.
73
And if a bounty from Allah befell you, he would surely cry, as if there had been no love between you and him: Oh, would that I had been with them, then should I have achieved a great success!
74
Let those fight in the way of Allah who sell the life of this world for the other. Whoso fighteth in the way of Allah, be he slain or be he victorious, on him We shall bestow a vast reward.
75
How should ye not fight for the cause of Allah and of the feeble among men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Bring us forth from out this town of which the people are oppressors! Oh, give us from thy presence some protecting friend! Oh, give us from Thy presence some defender!
76
Those who believe do battle for the cause of Allah; and those who disbelieve do battle for the cause of idols. So fight the minions of the devil. Lo! the devil’s strategy is ever weak.
77
Hast thou not seen those unto whom it was said: Withhold your hands, establish worship and pay the poordue, but when fighting was prescribed for them behold! a party of them fear mankind even as their fear of Allah or with greater fear, and say: Our Lord! Why hast Thou ordained fighting for us? If only Thou wouldst give us respite yet a while! Say (unto them, O Muḥammad): The comfort of this world is scant; the Hereafter will be better for him who wardeth off (evil); and ye will not be wronged the down upon a date-stone.
78
Wheresoever ye may be, death will overtake you, even though ye were in lofty towers. Yet if a happy thing befalleth them they say: This is from Allah; and if an evil thing befalleth them they say: This is of thy doing (O Muḥammad). Say (unto them): All is from Allah. What is amiss with these people that they come not nigh to understand a happening?
79
Whatever of good befalleth thee (O man) it is from Allah, and whatever of ill befalleth thee it is from thyself. We have sent thee (Muḥammad) as a messenger unto mankind and Allah is sufficient as Witness.
80
Whoso obeyeth the messenger hath obeyed Allah, and whoso turneth away: We have not sent thee as a warder over them.
81
And they say: (It is) obedience; but when they have gone forth from thee a party of them spend the night in planning other than what thou sayest. Allah recordeth what they plan by night. So oppose them and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.
82
Will they not then ponder on the Qur’an? If it had been from other than Allah they would have found therein much incongruity.
83
And if any tidings, whether of safety or fear, come unto them, they noise it abroad, whereas if they had referred it to the messenger and to such of them as are in authority, those among them who are able to think out the matter would have known it. If it had not been for the grace of Allah upon you and His mercy ye would have followed Satan, save a few (of you).
84
So fight (O Muḥammad) in the way of Allah Thou art not taxed (with the responsibility for anyone) except thyself - and urge on the believers. Peradventure Allah will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. Allah is stronger in might and stronger in inflicting punishment.
85
Whoso interveneth in a good cause will have the reward thereof, and whoso interveneth in an evil cause will bear the consequence thereof. Allah overseeth all things.
86
When ye are greeted with a greeting, greet ye with a better than it or return it. Lo! Allah taketh count of all things.
87
Allah! There is no Allah save Him. He gathereth you all unto a Day of Resurrection whereof there is no doubt. Who is more true in statement than Allah?
88
What aileth you that ye are become two parties regarding the hypocrites, when Allah cast them back (to disbelief) because of what they earned? Seek ye to guide him whom Allah hath sent astray? He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him thou (O Muḥammad) canst not find a road.
89
They long that ye should disbelieve even as they disbelieve, that ye may be upon a level (with them). So choose not friends from them till they forsake their homes in the way of Allah; if they turn back (to enmity) then take them and kill them wherever ye find them, and choose no friend nor helper from among them,
90
Except those who seek refuge with a people between whom and you there is a covenant, or (those who) come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war on you or make war on their own folk. Had Allah willed He could have given them power over you so that assuredly they would have fought you. So, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you and offer you peace, Allah alloweth you no way against them.
91
Ye will find others who desire that they should have security from you, and security from their own folk. So often as they are returned to hostility they are plunged therein. If they keep not aloof from you nor offer you peace nor hold their hands, then take them and kill them wherever ye find them. Against such We have given you clear warrant.
92
It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. He who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave. And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months. A penance from Allah. Allah is Knower, Wise.
93
Whoso slayeth a believer of set purpose, his reward is hell for ever. Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.
94
O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: "Thou art not a believer," seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you. Therefore take care to discriminate. Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.
95
Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. Unto each Allah hath promised good, but He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary;
96
Degrees of rank from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
97
Lo! as for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah’s earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be hell, an evil journey’s end;
98
Except the feeble among men, and the women, and the children, who are unable to devise a plan and are not shown a way.
99
As for such, it may be that Allah will pardon them. Allah is ever Clement, Forgiving.
100
Whoso migrateth for the cause of Allah will find much refuge and abundance in the earth, and whoso forsaketh his home, a fugitive unto Allah and His messenger, and death overtaketh him, his reward is then incumbent on Allah. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
101
And when ye go forth in the land, it is no sin for you to curtail (your) worship if ye fear that those who disbelieve may attack you. In truth the disbelievers are an open enemy to you.
102
And when thou (O Muḥammad) art among them and arrangest (their) worship for them, let only a party of them stand with thee (to worship) and let them take their arms. Then when they have performed their prostrations let them fall to the rear and let another party come that hath not worshipped and let them worship with thee, and let them take their precaution and their arms. Those who disbelieve long for you to neglect your arms and your baggage that they may attack you once for all. It is no sin for you to lay aside your arms, if rain impedeth you or ye are sick. But take your precaution. Lo! Allah prepareth for the disbelievers shameful punishment.
103
When ye have performed the act of worship, remember Allah, standing, sitting and reclining. And when ye are in safety, observe proper worship. Worship at fixed times hath been enjoined on the believers.
104
Relent not in pursuit of the enemy. If ye are suffering, lo! they suffer even as ye suffer and ye hope from Allah that for which they cannot hope. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
105
Lo! We reveal unto thee the Scripture with the truth, that thou mayst judge between mankind by that which Allah showeth thee. And be not thou a pleader for the treacherous;
106
And seek forgiveness of Allah. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
107
And plead not on behalf of (people) who deceive themselves. Lo! Allah loveth not one who is treacherous and sinful.
108
They seek to hide from men and seek not to hide from Allah. He is with them when by night they hold discourse displeasing unto Him. Allah ever surroundeth what they do.
109
Ho! ye are they who pleaded for them in the life of the world. But who will plead with Allah for them on the Day of Resurrection, or who will then be their defender?
110
Yet whoso doeth evil or wrongeth his own soul, then seeketh pardon of Allah, will find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.
111
Whoso committeth sin committeth it only against himself. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
112
And whoso committeth a delinquency or crime, then throweth (the blame) thereof upon the innocent, hath burdened himself with falsehood and a flagrant crime.
113
But for the grace of Allah upon thee (Muḥammad), and His mercy, a party of them had resolved to mislead thee, but they will mislead only themselves and they will hurt thee not at all. Allah revealeth unto thee the Scripture and wisdom, and teacheth thee that which thou knewest not. The grace of Allah toward thee hath been infinite.
114
There is no good in much of their secret conferences save (in) him who enjoineth almsgiving and kindness and peace-making among the people. Whoso doeth that, seeking the good pleasure of Allah, We shall bestow on him a vast reward.
115
And whoso opposeth the messenger after the guidance (of Allah) hath been manifested unto him, and followeth other than the believer’s way, We appoint for him that unto which he himself hath turned, and expose him unto hell - a hapless journey’s end!
116
Lo! Allah pardoneth not that partners should be ascribed unto Him. He pardoneth all save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribeth partners unto Allah hath wandered far astray.
117
They invoke in His stead only females; they pray to none else than Satan, a rebel"
118
Whom Allah cursed, and he said: Surely I will take of Thy bondmen an appointed portion,
119
And surely I will lead them astray, and surely I will arouse desires in them, and surely I will command them and they will cut the cattle’ ears, and surely I will command them and they will change Allah’s creation. Whoso chooseth Satan for a patron instead of Allah is verily a loser and his loss is manifest.
120
He promiseth them and stirreth up desires in them, and Satan promiseth them only to beguile.
121
For such, their habitation will be hell, and they will find no refuge therefrom.
122
But as for those who believe and do good works We shall bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide for ever. It is a promise from Allah in truth; and who can be more truthful than Allah in utterance?
123
It will not be in accordance with your desires, nor the desires of the People of the Scripture. He who doeth wrong will have the recompense thereof, and will not find against Allah any protecting friend or helper.
124
And whoso doeth good works, whether of male or female, and he (or she) is a believer, such will enter paradise and they will not be wronged the dint in a date-stone.
125
Who is better in religion than he who surrendereth his purpose to Allah while doing good (to men) and followeth the tradition of Abraham, the upright? Allah (Himself) chose Abraham for friend.
126
Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Allah ever surroundeth all things.
127
They consult thee concerning women. Say: Allah giveth you decree concerning them, and the Scripture which hath been recited unto you (giveth decree), concerning female orphans and those unto whom ye give not that which is ordained for them though ye desire to marry them, and (concerning) the weak among children, and that ye should deal justly with orphans. Whatever good ye do, lo! Allah is ever Aware of it.
128
If a woman feareth ill treatment from her husband, or desertion, it is no sin for them twain if they make terms of peace between themselves. Peace is better. But greed hath been made present in the minds (of men). If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.
129
Ye will not be able to deal equally between (your) wives, however much ye wish (to do so). But turn not altogether away (from one), leaving her as in suspense. If ye do good and keep from evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
130
But if they separate, Allah will compensate each out of His abundance. Allah is ever All-Embracing, All-Knowing.
131
Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. And We charged those who received the Scripture before you, and (We charge) you, that ye keep your duty toward Allah. And if ye disbelieve, lo! unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, and Allah is ever Absolute, Owner of Praise.
132
Unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. And Allah is sufficient as Defender.
133
If He will, He can remove you, O people, and produce others (in your stead). Allah is Able to do that.
134
Whoso desireth the reward of the world, (let him know that) with Allah is the reward of the world and the Hereafter. Allah is ever Hearer, Seer.
135
O ye who believe! Be ye staunch in justice, witnesses for Allah, even though it be against yourselves or (your) parents or (your) kindred, whether (the case be of) a rich man or a poor man, for Allah is nearer unto both (them ye are). So follow not passion lest ye lapse (from truth) and if ye lapse or fall away, then lo! Allah is ever Informed of what ye do.
136
O ye who believe! Believe in Allah and His messenger and the Scripture which He hath revealed unto His messenger, and the Scripture which He revealed aforetime. Whoso disbelieveth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers and the Last Day, he verily hath wandered far astray.
137
Lo! those who believe, then disbelieve and then (again) believe, then disbelieve, and then increase in disbelief, Allah will never pardon them, nor will He guide them unto a way.
138
Bear unto the hypocrites the tidings that for them there is a painful doom;
139
Those who chose disbelievers for their friends instead of believers! Do they look for power at their hands? Lo! all power appertaineth to Allah.
140
He hath already revealed unto you in the Scripture that, when ye hear the revelations of Allah rejected and derided, (ye) sit not with them (who disbelieve and mock) until they engage in some other conversation. Lo! in that case (if ye stayed) ye would be like unto them. Lo! Allah will gather hypocrites and disbelievers, all together, into hell;
141
Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you and, if a victory cometh unto you from Allah, say: Are we not with you? and if the disbelievers meet with a success say: Had we not the mastery of you, and did we not protect you from the believers? - Allah will judge between you at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers any way (of success) against the believers.
142
Lo! the hypocrites seek to beguile Allah, but it is He Who beguileth them. When they stand up to worship they perform it languidly and to be seen of men, and are mindful of Allah but little;
143
Swaying between this (and that), (belonging) neither to these nor to those. He whom Allah causeth to go astray, thou (O Muḥammad) wilt not find a way for him:
144
O ye who believe! Choose not disbelievers for (your) friends in place of believers. Would ye give Allah a clear warrant against you?
145
Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the Fire, and thou wilt find no helper for them;
146
Save those who repent and amend and hold fast to Allah and make their religion pure for Allah (only). Those are with the believers. And Allah will bestow on the believers an immense reward.
147
What concern hath Allah for your punishment if ye are thankful (for His mercies) and believe (in Him)? Allah was ever Responsive, Aware.
148
Allah loveth not the utterance of harsh speech save by one who hath been wronged. Allah is ever Hearer, Knower.
149
If ye do good openly or keep it secret, or forgive evil, lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Powerful.
150
Lo! those who disbelieve in Allah and His messengers, and seek to make distinction between Allah and His messengers, and say: We believe in some and disbelieve in others, and seek to choose a way in between;
151
Such are disbelievers in truth; and for disbelievers We prepare a shameful doom.
152
But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.
153
The people of the Scripture ask of thee that thou shouldst cause an (actual) Book to descend upon them from heaven. They asked a greater thing of Moses aforetime, for they said: Show us Allah plainly. The storm of lightning seized them for their wickedness. Then (even) after that) they chose the calf (for worship) after clear proofs (of Allah’s Sovereignty) had come unto them. And We forgave them that! And We bestowed on Moses evident authority.
154
And We caused the Mount to tower above them at (the taking of) their covenant: and We bade them: Enter the gate, prostrate! and We bode them: Transgress not the Sabbath! and We took from them a firm covenant.
155
Then because of their breaking of their covenant, and their disbelieving in the revelations of Allah, and their slaying of the prophets wrongfully, and their saying: Our hearts are hardened - Nay, but Allah set a seal upon them for their disbelief, so that they believe not save a few -
156
And because of their disbelief and of their speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny;
157
And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah’s messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.
158
But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise.
159
There is not one of the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them -
160
Because of the wrongdoing of the Jews We forbade them good things which were (before) made lawful unto them, and because of their much hindering from Allah’s way,
161
And of their taking usury when they were forbidden it, and of their devouring people’s wealth by false pretences, We have prepared for those of them who disbelieve a painful doom.
162
But those of them who are firm in knowledge and the believers believe in that which is revealed unto thee, and that which was revealed before thee, especially the diligent in prayer and those who pay the poor-due, the believers in Allah and the Last Day. Upon these We shall bestow immense reward.
163
Lo! We inspire thee as We inspired Noah and the prophets after him, as We inspired Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the tribes, and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and as We imparted unto David the Psalms;
164
And messengers We have mentioned unto thee before and messengers We have not mentioned unto thee; and Allah spake directly unto Moses;
165
Messengers of good cheer and of warning, in order that mankind might have no argument against Allah after the messengers. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise.
166
But Allah (Himself) testifieth concerning that which He hath revealeth unto thee; in His knowledge hath He revealed it; and the angels also testify. And Allah is sufficient Witness.
167
Lo! those who disbelieve and hinder (others) from the way of Allah, they verily have wandered far astray.
168
Lo! those who disbelieve and deal in wrong, Allah will never forgive them, neither will He guide them unto a road,
169
Except the road of hell, wherein they will abide for ever. And that is ever easy for Allah.
170
O mankind! The messenger hath come unto you with the Truth from your Lord. Therefor believe; (it is) better for you. But if ye disbelieve, still, lo! unto Allah belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. Allah is ever Knower, Wise.
171
O People of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion nor utter aught concerning Allah save the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only a messenger of Allah, and His word which He conveyed unto Mary, and a spirit from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers, and say not "Three" - Cease! (it is) better for you! - Allah is only One Allah. Far is it removed from His Transcendent Majesty that He should have a son. His is all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. And Allah is sufficient as Defender.
172
The Messiah will never scorn to be a slave unto Allah, nor will the favoured angels. Whoso scorneth His service and is proud, all such will He assemble unto Him;
173
Then, as for those who believed and did good works, unto them will He pay their wages in full, adding unto them of His bounty; and as for those who were scornful and proud, them will He punish with a painful doom. And they will not find for them, against Allah, any protecting friend or helper.
174
O mankind! Now hath a proof from your Lord come unto you, and We have sent down unto you a clear light;
175
As for those who believe in Allah, and hold fast unto Him, them He will cause to enter into His mercy and grace, and will guide them unto Him by a straight road.
176
They ask thee for a pronouncement. Say: Allah hath pronounced for you concerning distant kindred. If a man die childless and he have a sister, hers is half the heritage, and he would have inherited from her had she died childless. And if there be two sisters, then theirs are two-thirds of the heritage, and if they be brethren, men and women, unto the male is the equivalent of the share of two females. Allah expoundeth unto you, so that ye err not. Allah is Knower of all things.
CHAP. IV.
Intitled, Women
In the name of the most merciful God.
a
; revealed at Medina.
Note [édition originale] : This title was given to this chapter, because it chiefly treats of
matters relating to women; as, marriages, divorces, dower, prohibited degrees,
&c.
1
b
; and respect women
Note [édition originale] : By whom ye beseech one another;]
Saying, I beseech thee for God’s sake.
1
- 1 Al Beidawi.
c
who have
born you, for God is watching over you.
Note [édition originale] : Women] Literally, the wombs.
2
d
: and devour not their substance, by adding
it to your own substance; for this is a great sin.
Note [édition originale] : Render them not in exchange bad for good;]
That is, take not what ye find of value among their effects to your
own use, and give them worse in its stead.
3
e
. But if ye fear that ye cannot act equitably towards
so many, marry one only, or the slaves which ye shall have acquired
Note [édition originale] : And if ye fear that ye shall not act with equity towards orphans of the
female sex, &c.] The commentators understand this passage differently. The true
meaning seems to be as it is here translated; Mohammed advising his followers
that if they found they should wrong the female orphans under their care,
either by marrying them against their inclinations, ought, by reason of their
having already several wives, they should rather choose to marry other women,
to avoid all occasion of sin2. Others say that when this passage was
revealed, many of the Arabians, fearing trouble and temptation, refused to
take upon them the charge of orphans, and yet multiplied wives to a great
excess, and used them ill; or, as others write, gave themselves up to
fornication; which occasioned this passage. And according to these, its
meaning must be either that if they feared they could not act justly towards
orphans, they had as great reason to apprehend they could not deal equitably
with so many wives, and therefore are commanded to marry but a certain number;
or else, that since fornication was a crime as well as wronging of orphans,
they ought to avoid that also, by marrying according to their abilities
3
- 2 Idem.
- 3 Idem, Al Beidawi.
f
. This
will be easier, that ye swerve not from righteousness.
Note [édition originale] : Or the slaves which ye shall have acquire.]
For slaves requiring not so large a dower, nor so good and plentiful
a maintenance as free women, a man might keep several of the former, as easily
as one of the latter.
4
5
6
a
until they attain the age of marriage
Note [édition originale] : And examine the orphans, &c.] i.e. Try whether they be well grounded in the principles of
religion, and have sufficient prudence for the management of their affairs.
Under this expression is also comprehended the duty of a curator’s instructing
his pupils in those respects.
b
: but if
ye perceive they are able to manage their affairs well, deliver their
substance unto them; and waste it not extravagantly, or hastily, because they grow up
Note [édition originale] : Until they attain the age of marriage;] Or age of maturity, which is generally reckoned to be fifteen; a
decision supported by a tradition of their prophet, tho’ Abu Hanîfah thinks
eighteen the proper age1.
- 1 Al Beidawi.
c
. Let him who is rich abstain entirely from the
orphans estates; and let him who is poor take thereof according to what shall
be reasonable
Note [édition originale] : Because they grow up,] i.e. Because they will shortly be of age to receive what belongs to
them.
d
. And when ye deliver their substance unto them, call witnesses thereof in
their presence: God taketh sufficient account of your actions.
Note [édition originale] : According to what shall
be reasonable;] That is, no more than what shall make sufficient recompense for the
trouble of their education.
7
e
, whether it be little, or whether it be much; a determinate
part is due to them.
Note [édition originale] : Women ought to have a part of what theirparents
and kindred leave.] This law was given to abolish a custom of the pagan Arabs, who
suffered not women or children to have any part of their husband’s or father’s
inheritance, on pretence that they only should inherit who were able to go to
war2.
- 2 Idem.
8
9
f
.
Note [édition originale] : Let them speak that which is convenient;] viz. Either to comfort the children, or to assure the dying father
they shall be justly dealt by3.
- 3 Idem.
10
11
g
: but if they be females only, and above
two in number, they shall have two third parts of what the deceased shall
leave
Note [édition originale] : A male shall have
as much as the share of two females.] This is the general rule to be followed in the distribution of the
estate of the deceased, as may be observed in the following cases4.
- 4 V. Prelim. Disc. §. VI.
h
; and if there be but one, she shall have the half
Note [édition originale] : If there be above two in number, they shall have two third parts, &c.]
Or if there be two and no more, they will have the same share.
i
. And the parents of
the deceased shall have each of them a sixth part of what he shall leave, if
he have a child; but if he have no child, and his parents be his heirs, then
his mother shall have the third part
Note [édition originale] : And the remaining third part, or the remaining moiety of the estate,
which is not here expressly disposed of, if the deceased leaves behind him no
son, nor a father, goes to the public treasury. It must be observed that Mr.
Selden is certainly mistaken when, in explaining this passage of the Korân, he
says, that where there is a son and an only daughter, each of them will have a
moiety5:
for the daughter can have a moiety but in one case only, that is,
where there is no son; for if there be a son, she can have but a third,
according to the above-mentioned rule.
- 5 Selden, de Success. ad Leges Ebræor. l. 1, c. 1.
k
.
Note [édition originale] : His mother shall have the third part;] And his father consequently the other two-thirds6.
- 6 Al Beidawi.
a
which he shall bequeath, and his
debts be paid. Ye know not whether your parents or your children be of
greater use unto you. This is an ordinance from God, and God is knowing and
wise.
Note [édition originale] : The legacies.] By legacies in this and the following passages, are chiefly meant
those bequeathed to pious uses; for the Mohammedans approve not of a person’s
giving away his substance from his family and near relations on any other
account.
12
b
,
and he or she have a brother or sister; each of them two shall have a sixth
part of the estate
Note [édition originale] : For this may happen by contract, or on some other special occasion.
c
. But if there be more than this number, they shall be
equal sharers in a third part, after payment of the legacies which shall be
bequeathed, and the debts, without prejudice to the heirs. This is an ordinance from God: and God
is knowing and gracious.
Note [édition originale] : Each of them two shall have a sixth
part, &c.] Here, and in the next case, the brother and sister are made equal
sharers, which is an exception to the general rule, of giving a male twice as
much as a female; and the reason is said to be because of the smallness of the
portions, which deserve not such exactness of distribution; for in other cases
the rule holds between brother and sister, as well as other relations1.
- 1 See this chap. near the end.
13
14
15
d
, produce four witnesses from
among you against them, and if they bear witness against them, imprison them
in separate apartments until death release them, or God affordeth them a way
to escape
Note [édition originale] : Whoredom] Either adultery or fornication.
e
.
Note [édition originale] : Imprison them - till death release them, &c.] Their punishment, in the beginning of Mohammedism, was to be immured
till they died, but afterwards this cruel doom was mitigated, and they might
avoid it by undergoing the punishment ordained in its stead by the Sonna,
according to which the maidens are to be scourged with a hundred stripes, and
to be banished for a full year; and the married women to be stoned2.
- 2 Jallalo’ddin.
16
f
, punish them both
Note [édition originale] : And if two of you commit the like wickedness, &c.] The commentators are not agreed whether the text speaks of
fornication or sodomy. Al Zamakhshari, and from him, al Beidâwi, supposes the
former is here meant: but Jallalo’ddin is of opinion that the crime intended
in this passage must be committed between two men, and not between a man and a
woman; not only because the pronouns are in the masculine gender, but because
both are ordered to suffer the same slight punishment, and are both allowed
the same repentance and indulgence; and especially for that a different and
much severer punishment is appointed for the women in the preceding words.
Abu’l Kâsem Hebatallah takes simple fornication to be the crime intended, and
that this passage is abrogated by that of the 24th chapter, where the man and
the woman who shall be guilty of fornication are ordered to be scourged with a
hundred stripes each.
g
: but if
they repent and amend, let them both
Note [édition originale] : Punish them both;] The original is, Do them some hurt or damage: by which some
understand that they are only to reproach them in public1,
or strike them on
the head with their slippers
2
(a great indignity in the east), tho’ some
imagine they may be scourged3.
- 1 Jallalo’ddin, Yahya, Abul Kâsem Habatallah , Al Beidawi.
- 2 Jallalo’ddin, Al Beidawi.
- 3 Al Beidawi.
17
18
19
a
, nor to hinder them from marrying others
Note [édition originale] : It is not lawful for you to be heirs of women against
their will.] It was customary among the pagan Arabs, when a man died, for one of
his relations to claim a right to his widow, which he asserted by throwing his
garment over her; and then he either married her himself, if he thought fit,
on assigning her the same dower that her former husband had done, or kept her
dower and married her to another, or else refused to let her marry unless she
redeemed herself by quitting what she might claim of her husband’s goods4.
This unjust custom is abolished by this passage.
- 4 Idem.
b
, that ye may take away
part of what ye have given them in dowry; unless they have been guilty of a
manifest crime
Note [édition originale] : Nor to hinder them from marrying others.] Some say these words are directed to husbands who used to imprison
their wives without any just cause, and out of covetousness, merely to make
them relinquish their dower or their inheritance5.
- 5 Idem.
c
: but converse kindly with them. And if ye hate them, it may
happen that ye may hate a thing wherein God hath placed much good.
Note [édition originale] : A manifest crime.] Such as disobedience, ill behaviour, immodesty, and the like6.
- 6 Idem.
20
d
, and ye have
already given one of them a talent
Note [édition originale] : If ye be desirous to exchange a wife for another wife, &c.] That is, by divorcing one, and marrying another.
e
, take not away anything therefrom
Note [édition originale] : A talent] i.e. Ever so large a dower.
f
: will
ye take it by slandering her, and doing her manifest injustice?
Note [édition originale] : See chap. 2. p. 27.
21
22
23
g
, except what is
already past: for God is gracious and merciful.
Note [édition originale] : Ye are also forbidden to take to wife two sisters.] The same was also prohibited by the Levitical law7.
- 7 Levit. xviii. 18.
24
h
. This is ordained
you from
Note [édition originale] : Ye are also forbidden to take to wife free women who are married,
except those women whom ye shall possess as slaves.] According to this passage it is not lawful to marry a free woman that
is already married, be she a Mohammedan or not, unless she be legally parted
from her husband by divorce; but it is lawful to marry those who are slaves,
or taken in war, after they shall have gone through the proper purifications,
tho’ their husbands be living. Yet, according to the decision of Abu
Hanîfah, it is not lawful to marry such whose husbands shall be taken, or in
actual slavery with them1.
- 1 Al Beidawi.
a
, according to what is ordained: but it shall be no crime in
you to make any other agreement among your selves
Note [édition originale] : Give
them their reward;] That is, assign them their dower.
b
, after the ordinance shall
be complied with; for God is knowing and wise.
Note [édition originale] : It shall be no crime in
you to make any other agreement among your selves, &c.] That is, either to increase the dower, or to abate some part or even
the whole of it.
25
c
: therefore marry them with the consent of their
masters; and give them their dower according to justice; such as are modest,
not guilty of whoredom, nor entertaining lovers. And when they are married, if they be guilty of adultery, they shall
suffer half the punishment which is appointed for the free women
Note [édition originale] : Ye are the one from the other;] Being alike descended from Adam, and of the same faith2.
- 2 Idem.
d
. This is
allowed unto him among you, who feareth to sin by marrying free women; but if
ye abstain from marrying slaves, it will be better for you; God is gracious
and merciful.
Note [édition originale] : The slaves, if guilty of adultery, they shall
suffer half the punishment of the free women.] The reason of this is because they are not presumed to have had so
good education. A slave, therefore, in such a case, is to have fifty stripes,
and to be banished for half a year; but she shall not be stoned, because it is
a punishment which cannot be inflicted by halves3.
- 3 Idem.
26
e
, and to be
merciful unto you. God is knowing and wise.
Note [édition originale] : Of those who have gone before you;] viz. Of the prophets, and other holy and prudent men of former
ages4.
- 4 Jallalo’ddin. Al Beidawi.
27
f
,
desire that ye should turn aside from the truth with great deviation.
Note [édition originale] : They who follow their lusts, &c.] Some commentators suppose that these words have a particular regard
to the Magians, who formerly were frequently guilty of incestuous marriages,
their prophet Zerdusht having allowed them to take their mothers and sisters
to wife; and also to the Jews, who likewise might marry within some of the
degrees here prohibited5.
- 5 Al Beidawi.
28
g
.
Note [édition originale] : For man was created weak;] Being unable to refrain from women, and too subject to be led away by
carnal appetites6.
- 6 Idem, Jallalo’ddin.
29
h
;
unless there be merchandising among you by mutual consent: neither slay
your selves
Note [édition originale] : Consume not your wealth in vanity;] That is, employ it not in things prohibited by God; such as usury,
extortion, rapine, gaming, and the like7.
- 7 Iidem.
i
;
Note [édition originale] : Neither slay
your selves;] Literally, slay not your souls; i.e. says Jallalo’ddin, by
committing mortal sins, or such crimes as will destroy them. Others, however,
are of opinion that self-murder, which the gentile Indians did, and still do,
often practise in honour of their idols, or else the taking away the life of
any true believer, is hereby forbidden8.
- 8 Al Beidawi.
30
a
and wickedly, he will surely cast him
to be broiled in hell fire; and this is easy with God.
Note [édition originale] : See Wisdom xvi. 14, in the Vulgate.
31
b
, of those which ye are forbidden
to commit, we will cleanse you from your smaller faults; and will introduce
you into paradise with an honourable entry.
Note [édition originale] : Grievous sins.] These sins al Beidâwi, from a tradition of Mohammed, reckons to be
seven (equaling in number the sins called deadly by Christians), that is to
say, idolatry, murder, falsely accusing modest women of adultery, wasting the
substance of orphans, taking of usury, desertion in a religious expedition,
and disobedience to parents. But Ebn Abbâs says they amount to near seven
hundred; and others suppose that idolatry only, of different kinds, in
worshipping idols or any creature, either in opposition to or jointly with the
true God, is here intended; that sin being generally esteemed by Mohammedans,
and in a few lines after declared by the Korân itself, to be the only one
which God will not pardon1.
- 1 Idem. See before, chap. 2. p. 11.
32
c
. Unto the men shall be given a portion of what they shall have
gained, and unto the women shall be given a portion of what they shall have
gained
Note [édition originale] : Covet not that which God hath bestowed on some of you preferably to
others;] Such as honour, power, riches, and other worldly advantages. Some,
however, understand this of the distribution of inheritances according to the
preceding determinations, whereby some have a larger share than others2.
- 2 Idem, Jallalo’ddin.
d
: therefore ask God of his bounty; for God is omniscient.
Note [édition originale] : Unto the men shall be given a portion of what they shall have
gained, &c.] That is, they shall be blessed according to their deserts; and ought,
therefore, instead of displeasing God by envying of others, to endeavor to
merit his favour by good works and to apply to him by prayer.
33
e
;
for God is witness of all things.
Note [édition originale] : Unto those with whom
your right hands have made an alliance, give their part, &c.] A precept conformable to an old custom of the Arabs, that where
persons mutually entered into a strict friendship or confederacy, the
surviving friend should have a sixth part of the deceased’s estate. But this
was afterwards abrogated, according to Jallalo’ddin and Al Zamakhshari, at
least as to infidels. The passage may likewise be understood of a private
contract, whereby the survivor is to inherit a certain part of the substance
of him that dies first3.
- 3 V. Al Beidawi.
34
f
, and for that
which they expend of their substance in maintaining their wives. The honest
women are obedient. careful in the absence of their husbands
Note [édition originale] : Because of those advantages
wherein God hath caused the one to excel the other;]
Such as superior understanding and strength, and the other privileges
of the male sex, which enjoys the dignities in church and state, goes to war
in defence of God’s true religion, and claims a double share of their deceased
ancestors’ estates4.
- 4 Idem.
g
, for that God
preserveth them, by committing them to the care and protection of the men.
But those, whose perverseness ye shall be apprehensive of, rebuke; and remove
them into separate apartments
Note [édition originale] : Both to preserve their husband’s substance from loss or waste, and
themselves from all degrees of immodesty5.
- 5 Idem, Jallalo’ddin.
h
, and chastise them
Note [édition originale] : Remove
them into separate apartments;] That is, banish them from your bed.
i
. But if they shall be
obedient unto you, seek not an occasion of quarrel against them: for God is
high and great.
Note [édition originale] : And chastise them.] By this passage the Mohammedans are in plain terms allowed to beat
their wives, in case of stubborn disobedience; but not in a violent or
dangerous manner6.
- 6 Al Beidawi.
35
a
out of his family, and a judge out of her family: if they shall desire a
reconciliation, God will cause them to agree; for God is knowing and wise.
Note [édition originale] : Send a judge, &c.] i.e. Let the magistrate first send two arbitrators or mediators, one
on each side, to compose the difference, and prevent, if possible, the ill
consequences of an open rupture.
36
b
, and also your neighbor who is a stranger, and to your familiar
companion, and the traveller, and the captives whom your right hands shall
possess; for God loveth not the proud or vainglorious,
Note [édition originale] : Your neighbor who is of
kin to you;] Either of your own nation or religion.
37
c
(we have prepared a shameful
punishment for the unbelievers;)
Note [édition originale] : And conceal that
which God of his bounty hath given them;] Whether it be wealth, knowledge, or any other talent whereby they may
help their neighbour.
38
39
40
d
: and if it
be a good action, he will double it, and will recompense it in his sight with
a great reward.
Note [édition originale] : God will not wrong any one even the weight of an ant;]
Either by diminishing the recompense due to his good actions, or too
severely punishing his sins. On the contrary, he will reward the former in
the next life far above their deserts. The Arabic word dharra, which is
translated an ant, signifies a very small sort of that insect, and is used to
denote a thing that is exceeding small, as a mite.
41
e
, and shall bring thee, O
Mohammed, a witness
against these people
Note [édition originale] : When we shall bring a witness out of
each nation, &c.] When the prophet who was sent to each nation in particular, shall on
the last day be produced to give evidence against such of them as refused to
believe on him, or observed not the laws which he brought.
f
?
Note [édition originale] : Against these people.] That is, the Arabians, to whom Mohammed was, as he pretended, more
peculiarly sent1.
- 1 See before, c. 2. p. 17.
42
43
g
, until ye
understand what ye say; nor when ye are polluted by emission of seed, unless
ye be travelling on the road, until ye wash yourselves. But if ye be sick or
on a journey, or any of you come from easing nature, or have touched women,
and find no water; take fine clean sand and rub your faces and your hands
therewith
Note [édition originale] : Come not to prayers when ye are drunk, &c.] It is related, that before the prohibition of wine, Abd’alrahmân Ebn
Awf made an entertainment, to which he invited several of the apostle’s
companions; and after they had ate and drunk plentifully, the hour of evening
prayer being come, one of the company rose up to pray, but being overcome with
liquor, made a shameful blunder in reciting a passage of the Korân; whereupon
to prevent the danger of any such indecency for the future, this passage was
revealed2.
- 2 Al Beidawi.
h
; for God is merciful and
Note [édition originale] : Take sand and rub your faces and your hands therewith.] See the Prelim. Disc. §. IV.
44
a
was
delivered? they sell error, and desire that ye may wander from the right way;
Note [édition originale] : Those unto whom part of the scripture was
delivered;] Meaning the Jews, and particularly their Rabbins.
45
46