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Sourate 66 - Coran 12-21. Traductions du Coran en Europe, XIIe-XXIe siècles - Sourate s66

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  • Structuration des données (TEI) Paul Gaillardon, Maud Ingarao (Pôle HN IHRIM)
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Cairo Edition, 1924Context
X
سورة التحريم
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ تَبْتَغِي مَرْضَاتَ أَزْوَاجِكَ وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
2
قَدْ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ تَحِلَّةَ أَيْمَانِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ مَوْلَاكُمْ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ
3
وَإِذْ أَسَرَّ النَّبِيُّ إِلَى بَعْضِ أَزْوَاجِهِ حَدِيثًا فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَتْ بِهِ وَأَظْهَرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ وَأَعْرَضَ عَن بَعْضٍ فَلَمَّا نَبَّأَهَا بِهِ قَالَتْ مَنْ أَنبَأَكَ هَذَا قَالَ نَبَّأَنِيَ الْعَلِيمُ الْخَبِيرُ
4
إِن تَتُوبَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَقَدْ صَغَتْ قُلُوبُكُمَا وَإِن تَظَاهَرَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ مَوْلَاهُ وَجِبْرِيلُ وَصَالِحُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ
5
عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِن طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَن يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِّنكُنَّ مُسْلِمَاتٍ مُّؤْمِنَاتٍ قَانِتَاتٍ تَائِبَاتٍ عَابِدَاتٍ سَائِحَاتٍ ثَيِّبَاتٍ وَأَبْكَارًا
6
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قُوا أَنفُسَكُمْ وَأَهْلِيكُمْ نَارًا وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ عَلَيْهَا مَلَائِكَةٌ غِلَاظٌ شِدَادٌ لَّا يَعْصُونَ اللَّهَ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ وَيَفْعَلُونَ مَا يُؤْمَرُونَ
7
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا الْيَوْمَ إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
8
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا تُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ تَوْبَةً نَّصُوحًا عَسَى رَبُّكُمْ أَن يُكَفِّرَ عَنكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَيُدْخِلَكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ يَوْمَ لَا يُخْزِي اللَّهُ النَّبِيَّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَعَهُ نُورُهُمْ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَبِأَيْمَانِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا أَتْمِمْ لَنَا نُورَنَا وَاغْفِرْ لَنَا إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
9
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ جَاهِدِ الْكُفَّارَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَاغْلُظْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَمَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ
10
ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا امْرَأَتَ نُوحٍ وَامْرَأَتَ لُوطٍ كَانَتَا تَحْتَ عَبْدَيْنِ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا صَالِحَيْنِ فَخَانَتَاهُمَا فَلَمْ يُغْنِيَا عَنْهُمَا مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَقِيلَ ادْخُلَا النَّارَ مَعَ الدَّاخِلِينَ
11
وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا لِّلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا امْرَأَتَ فِرْعَوْنَ إِذْ قَالَتْ رَبِّ ابْنِ لِي عِندَكَ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَنَجِّنِي مِن فِرْعَوْنَ وَعَمَلِهِ وَنَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
12
وَمَرْيَمَ ابْنَتَ عِمْرَانَ الَّتِي أَحْصَنَتْ فَرْجَهَا فَنَفَخْنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا وَصَدَّقَتْ بِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّهَا وَكُتُبِهِ وَكَانَتْ مِنَ الْقَانِتِينَ
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Revised Hamidullah, 2000Context
X
L’interdiction (At-Tahrim)
1
O Prophète ! Pourquoi, en recherchant l’agrément de tes femmes, t’interdis-tu ce qu’Allah t’a rendu licite ? Et Allah est Pardonneur, Très Miséricordieux.
2
Allah vous a prescrit certes, de vous libérer de vos serments. Allah est votre Maître ; et c’est Lui l’Omniscient, le Sage.
3
Lorsque le Prophète confia un secret à l’une de ses épouses et qu’elle l’eut divulgué et qu’Allah l’en eut informé, celui-ci en fit connaître une partie et passa sur une partie. Puis, quand il l’en eut informée elle dit : « Qui t’en a donné nouvelle ? » Il dit : « C’est l’Omniscient, le Parfaitement Connaisseur qui m’en a avisé ».
4
Si vous vous repentez à Allah c’est que vos cœurs ont fléchi. Mais si vous vous soutenez l’une l’autre contre le Prophète, alors ses alliés seront Allah, Gabriel et les vertueux d’entre les croyants, et les Anges sont par surcroît [son] soutien.
5
S’Il vous répudie, il se peut que son Seigneur lui donne en échange des épouses meilleures que vous, musulmanes, croyantes, obéissantes, repentantes, adoratrices, jeûneuses, déjà mariées ou vierges.
6
O vous qui avez cru ! Préservez vos personnes et vos familles, d’un Feu dont le combustible sera les gens et les pierres, surveillé par des Anges rudes, durs, ne désobéissant jamais à Allah en ce qu’Il leur commande, et faisant strictement ce qu’on leur ordonne.
7
O vous qui avez mécru ! Ne vous excusez pas aujourd’hui. Vous ne serez rétribués que selon ce que vous œuvriez.
8
O vous qui avez cru ! Repentez-vous à Allah d’un repentir sincère. Il se peut que votre Seigneur vous efface vos fautes et qu’Il vous fasse entrer dans des Jardins sous lesquels coulent les ruisseaux, le jour où Allah épargnera l’ignominie au Prophète et à ceux qui croient avec lui. Leur lumière courra devant eux et à leur droite ; ils diront : « Seigneur, parfais-nous notre lumière et pardonne-nous. Car Tu es Omnipotent ».
9
O Prophète ! Mène la lutte contre les mécréants et les hypocrites et sois rude à leur égard. Leur refuge sera l’Enfer, et quelle mauvaise destination !
10
Allah a cité en parabole pour ceux qui ont mécru la femme de Noé et la femme de Lot. Elles étaient sous l’autorité de deux vertueux de Nos serviteurs. Toutes deux les trahirent et ils ne furent d’aucune aide pour [ces deux femmes] vis-à-vis d’Allah. Et il [leur] fut dit : « Entrez au Feu toutes les deux, avec ceux qui y entrent »,
11
et Allah a cité en parabole pour ceux qui croient, la femme de Pharaon, quand elle dit « Seigneur, construis-moi auprès de Toi une maison dans le Paradis, et sauve-moi de Pharaon et de son œuvre ; et sauve-moi des gens injustes ».
12
De même, Marie, la fille d’’Imran qui avait préservé sa virginité ; Nous y insufflâmes alors de Notre Esprit. Elle avait déclaré véridiques les paroles de son Seigneur ainsi que Ses Livres : elle fut parmi les dévoués.
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Blachère, 1957Context
X
Sourate LXVI.
Déclarer illicite.
(At-Taḥrîm.)
Translator's introductory remarks
Titre tiré du vt. 1.
Les éléments hétérogènes qui forment cette sourate sont tous médinois, mais d’une datation quasi impossible. Le début a trait à une indiscrétion que commit une femme de Mahomet. Selon les données historico-biographiques, il s’agirait d’une intrigue nouée par Hafsa avec sa coépouse ‛Aïcha, contre la concubine Marie la Copte. Pour accorder ce point avec l’allusion si obscure des vt. 1 et 2 (ces vt. sont-ils bien de la même venue ?), ces données posent que le Prophète prononça un serment dont il eut scrupule à se dégager.
Au nom d’Allah, le Bienfaiteur miséricordieux.
[Au Prophète, à la suite d’une crise dans son harem.]
1
O Prophète !, pourquoi, recherchant la satisfaction de tes épouses, déclares-tu illicite ce qu’Allah déclara licite pour toi ? Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
Note [original edition] : Autre sens : O Prophète !, pourquoi déclares-tu illicite ce qu’Allah déclare licite pour toi ? Tu recherches la satisfaction de tes épouses alors qu’Allah etc.
    2
    Allah vous a imposé de vous délier de vos serments. Or, Allah est votre maître et Il est l’Omniscient, le Sage.
    3
    [Rappelez-vous] quand le Prophète confia en secret un propos, à l’une de ses épouses ! Quand celle-ci en eut donné avis [à une autre] et qu’Allah en eut informé [le Prophète], celui-ci fit connaître [à l’épouse indiscrète] une partie de ce qu’il savait et il passa l’autre sous silence. Quand il l’en eut avisée, [cette épouse] demanda : « Qui t’a informé de cela ? » « L’Omniscient, l’Informé m’a avisé [de cela] », répondit [le Prophète].
    4
    Si vous revenez à Allah…, car vos cœurs ont fléchi. Si [, au contraire,] vous vous prêtez assistance contre [le Prophète]…, car Allah est son
    Facsimile Image Placeholder
    maître et Gabriel, le Saint des Croyants (sic) et les Anges sont par surcroît [son] assistance.
    Note [original edition] : En son état actuel, ce texte n’offre plus de sens perceptible. — Si vous revenez. Le verbe est au duel et les commt. déclarent qu’il a pour sujet : deux épouses du Prophète, Hafsa et ‛Aïcha. A noter que cette phrase et la suiv. sont en suspens. ǁ Le Saint des Croyants. Les commt. comprennent : « Ceux qui sont saints parmi les Croyants. » Mais cette interprétation est fort suspecte et les sens reste inconnu. Peut-être a-t-on ici une interpolation.
      5
      Si [le Prophète] vous répudie, peut-être son Seigneur lui donnera-t-Il, en échange, des épouses meilleures que vous, des Soumises [à Allah], des Croyantes faisant oraison (qânit), revenant [à Allah], dévotieuses, glorifiant [le Seigneur] (?), [ou bien] ayant été mariées [ou bien] vierges.
      Note [original edition] : sâ’iḥâtin « glorifiant etc. ». Le terme est glosé, dans les commt., par ṣâ’imâtin « pratiquant le jeûne ». On a proposé de corriger par sâbiḥâtin « glorifiant [le Seigneur] ». Cette correction fait difficulté, parce que l’usage exigerait musabbiḥâtin ; elle fournit toutefois un sens qui concorde avec l’autre passage où ce terme figure ; v. IX, 113. ǁ [Ou bien] ayant été mariées etc. Text. : ayant été mariées et vierges.
        [Admonition aux Croyants.]
        6
        O vous qui croyez !, préservez vos personnes et vos familles d’un feu dont les Hommes et les pierres seront l’aliment ! Autour de [ce feu] seront des Anges gigantesques et puissants qui ne désobéissent point à Allah, dans ce qu’Il ordonne, et qui font ce dont ils ont reçu ordre.
        7
        O vous qui êtes infidèles !, ne vous excusez pas ! En ce jour vous ne serez « récompensés » que de ce que vous faisiez.
        Note [original edition] : En ce jour = au Jour du Jugement.
          8
          O vous qui croyez !, revenez à Allah d’une façon loyale ! Peut-être votre Seigneur effacera-t-Il vos mauvaises actions et vous fera-t-Il entrer en des Jardins sous lesquels couleront les ruisseaux. En ce jour, Il ne couvrira d’opprobre ni le Prophète ni ceux qui auront cru, avec lui, et leur lumière courra devant eux et à leur droite, [cependant qu’]ils crieront : « Seigneur !, parachève pour nous notre lumière et pardonne-nous ! Sur toute chose, Tu es omnipotent. »
          9
          O Prophète !, mène combat contre les Infidèles et les Hypocrites et sois dur contre eux ! Leur refuge sera la Géhenne et quel détestable « Devenir » !
          [Femmes impies et femmes croyantes données en exemple.]
          10
          Allah a proposé un exemple à ceux qui sont infidèles : la femme de Noé et la femme de Loth. Elles étaient sous [l’autorité de] deux de Nos saints serviteurs ; elles les trahirent et [cela] ne leur servit en rien contre Allah et il leur fut crié : « Entrez dans le Feu avec ceux qui doivent y entrer ! »
          Note [original edition] : A ceux qui sont infidèles. Autre sens : A l’égard de ceux qui sont infidèles. ǁ La femme de Noé. Geiger a signalé que la Bible ne fait pas mention de l’impiété de cette femme.
            11
            Allah a proposé [aussi] un exemple, à ceux qui croient : la femme de Pharaon, quand elle s’écria : « Seigneur !, construis-moi, auprès de Toi, une demeure dans le Jardin ! Sauve-moi de Pharaon et de ses œuvres ! Sauve-moi du peuple des Injustes ! »
            Note [original edition] : Sur l’attitude pieuse de la femme de Pharaon (l’Asiya des commt.), v. sourate XXVIII, 8.
              12
              [Il a proposé aussi l’exemple de] Marie, fille de ‛Imrân, qui se garda vierge, en laquelle Nous insufflâmes [un peu] de Notre Esprit (rûḥ), [qui] déclara véridiques les arrêts (kalima) et les Écritures de son Seigneur et [qui] fut parmi celles faisant oraison (qânit).
              Note [original edition] : Marie fille de ‛Imrân. V. sourate XIX, 29 et la note.
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                Arberry, 1955Context
                X
                The Forbidding
                In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
                1
                O Prophet, why forbiddest thou what God has made lawful to thee, seeking the good pleasure of thy wives? And God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                2
                God has ordained for you the absolution of your oaths. God is your Protector, and He is the All-knowing, the All-wise.
                3
                And when the Prophet confided to one of his wives a certain matter; and then, when she told of it, and God disclosed that to him, he made known part of it, and turned aside from part; then, when he told her of it, she said, ‘Who told thee this?’ He said, ‘I was told of it by the All-knowing, the All-aware.’
                4
                If you two repent to God, yet your hearts certainly inclined; but if you support one another against him, God is his Protector, and Gabriel, and the righteous among the believers; and, after that, the angels are his supporters.
                5
                It is possible that, if he divorces you, his Lord will give him in exchange wives better than you, women who have surrendered, believing, obedient, penitent, devout, given to fasting, who have been married and virgins too.
                6
                Believers, guard yourselves and your families against a Fire whose fuel is men and stones, and over which are harsh, terrible angels who disobey not God in what He commands them and do what they are commanded.
                7
                ‘O you unbelievers, do not excuse yourselves today; you are only being recompensed for what you were doing.’
                8
                Believers, turn to God in sincere repentance; it may be that your Lord will acquit you of your evil deeds, and will admit you into gardens underneath which rivers flow. Upon the day when God will not degrade the Prophet and those who believe with him, their light running before them, and on their right hands; and they say, ‘Our ‘Lord, perfect for us our light, and forgive us; surely Thou art powerful over everything.’
                9
                O Prophet, struggle with the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and be thou harsh with them; their refuge shall be Gehenna -- an evil homecoming!
                10
                God has struck a similitude for the unbelievers -- the wife of Noah, and the wife of Lot; for they were under two of Our righteous servants, but they betrayed them, so they availed them nothing whatsoever against God; so it was said, ‘Enter, you two, the Fire with those who enter.’
                11
                God has struck a similitude for the believers -- the wife of Pharaoh, when she said, ‘My Lord, build for me a house in Paradise, in Thy presence, and deliver me from Pharaoh and his work, and do Thou deliver me from the people of the evildoers.’
                12
                And Mary, Imran’s daughter, who guarded her virginity, so We breathed into her of Our Spirit, and she confirmed the Words of her Lord and His Books, and became one of the obedient."
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                Pitckthall, 1930Context
                X
                Banning
                Revealed at Mecca
                In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
                1
                O Prophet! Why bannest thou that which Allah hath made lawful for thee, seeking to please thy wives? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
                2
                Allah hath made lawful for you (Muslims) absolution from your oaths (of such a kind), and Allah is your Protector. He is the Knower, the Wise.
                3
                When the Prophet confided a fact unto one of his wives and when she afterward divulged it and Allah apprised him thereof, he made known (to her) part thereof and passed over part. And when he told it her she said: Who hath told thee? He said: The Knower, the Aware hath told me.
                4
                If ye twain turn unto Allah repentant, (ye have cause to do so) for your hearts desired (the ban); and if ye aid one another against him (Muḥammad) then lo! Allah, even He, is his Protecting Friend, and Gabriel and the righteous among the believers; and furthermore the angels are his helpers.
                5
                It may happen that his Lord, if he divorce you, will give him in your stead wives better than you, submissive (to Allah), believing, pious, penitent, devout, inclined to fasting, widows and maids.
                6
                O ye who believe! Ward off from yourselves and your families a Fire whereof the fuel is men and stones, over which are set angels strong, severe, who resist not Allah in that which He commandeth them, but do that which they are commanded.
                7
                (Then it will be said): O ye who disbelieve! Make no excuses for yourselves this day. Ye are only being paid for what ye used to do.
                8
                O ye who believe! Turn unto Allah in sincere repentance! It may be that your Lord will remit from you your evil deeds and bring you into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, on the day when Allah will not abase the Prophet and those who believe with him. Their light will run before them and on their right hands; they will say: Our Lord! Perfect our light for us, and forgive us! Lo! Thou art Able to do all things.
                9
                O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern with them. Hell will be their home, a hapless journey’s end.
                10
                Allah citeth an example for those who disbelieve: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot, who were under two of Our righteous slaves yet betrayed them so that they (the husbands) availed them naught against Allah and it was said (unto them): Enter the Fire along with those who enter.
                11
                And Allah citeth an example for those who believe: the wife of Pharaoh when she said: My Lord! Build for me a home with thee in the Garden, and deliver me from Pharaoh and his work, and deliver me from evil-doing folk;
                12
                And Mary, daughter of ’Imran, whose body was chaste, therefor We breathed therein something of Our Spirit. And she put faith in the words of her Lord and His scriptures, and was of the obedient.
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                Sale, 1734Context
                X
                CHAP. LXVI.
                Intitled, Prohibition; revealed at Medina.
                In the name of the most merciful God.
                1
                O Prophet, why holdest thou that to be prohibited which God hath allowed thee, seeking to please thy wives
                a
                Note [original edition] : Why holdest thou that to be prohibited which God hath allowed thee, &c.] There are some who suppose this passage to have been occasioned by Mohammed’s protesting never to eat honey any more, because, having once eaten some in the apartment of Hafsa, or of Zeinab, three other of his wives, namely, Ayesha, Sawda, and Safia, all told him they smelt he had been eating of the juice which distils from certain shrubs in those parts, and resembles honey in taste and consistence, but is of a very strong flavour, and which the prophet had a great aversion to1. But the more received opinion is, that the chapter was revealed on the following occasion. Mohammed having lain with a slave of his named Mary, of Coptic extract (who had been sent him as a present by al Mokawkas, governor of Eygpt), on the day which was due to Ayesha, or to Hafsa, and, as some say, on Hafsa’s own bed, while she was absent; and this coming to Hafsa’s knowledge, she took it extremely ill, and reproached her husband so sharply that, to pacify her, he promised, with an oath, never to touch the maid again1: and to free him from the obligation of this promise was the design of the chapter.
                I cannot here avoid observing, as a learned writer 2 has done before me, that Dr. Prideaux has strangely misrepresented this passage. For having given the story of the prophet’s amour with his maid Mary, a little embellished, he proceeds to tell us that in this chapter Mohammed brings in God allowing him, and all his Moslems, to lye with their maids when they will, notwithstanding their wives (whereas the words relate to the prophet only, who wanted not any new permission for that purpose, because it was a privilege already granted him3, tho’ to none else;) and then, to shew what ground he had for his assertion, adds that the first words of the chapter are, O prophet, why dost thou forbid what God hath allowed thee, that thou mayest please thy wives? God hath granted unto you to lye with your maid servants 4. Which last words are not to be found here, or elsewhere in the Korân, and contain an allowance of what is expressly forbidden therein5; tho’ the doctor has thence taken occasion to make some reflections which might as well have been spared. I shall say nothing to aggravate the matter, but leave the reader to imagine what this reverend divine would have said of a Mohammedan if he had caught him tripping in the like manner.
                Having digressed so far, I will venture to add a word or two in order to account for one circumstance which Dr. Prideaux relates concerning Mohammed’s concubine Mary; viz. that after her master’s death, no account was had of her or the son which she had born him, but both were sent away into Egypt, and no mention made of either ever after among them; and then he supposes (for he seldom is at a loss for a supposition) that Ayesha, out of the hatred which she bore her, procured of her father, who succeeded the impostor in the government, to have her thus disposed of6. But it being certain, by the general consent of all the eastern writers, that Mary continued in Arabia till her death, which happened at Medina about five years after that of her master, and was buried in the usual burying-place there, called al Bakí, and that her son died before his father, it has been asked, whence the doctor had this7? I answer, that I guess he had it partly from Abul’faragius, according to the printed edition of whose work, the Mary we are speaking of is said to have been sent with her sister Shirin (not with her son) to Alexandria by al Mokawkas 8; tho’ I make no doubt but we ought in that passage to read min, from, instead of ila, to (notwithstanding the manuscript copies of this author used by Dr. Pocock, the editor, and also a very fair one in my own possession, agree in the latter reading;) and that the sentence ought to run thus, quam (viz. Mariam) unà cum sorore Shirina ab Alexandria miserat al Mokawkas.
                • 1 Al Zamakh. Al Beidawi.
                • 1 Idem, Jallal. Yahya.
                • 2 Gagnier, not. ad Abulf. vit. Moh. p. 150.
                • 3 See chap. 33. p. 348, 349.
                • 4 Prid. Life of Moh. p. 113.
                • 5 See chap. 17. p. 230. chap. 4. p. 64. and chap 24. p. 287, &c.
                • 6 Prid. Life of Moh. p. 114.
                • 7 Gagnier, ubi supra.
                • 8 Abul’Farag. Hist. Dynast. p. 165.
                ; since God is inclined to
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                forgive and merciful?
                2
                God hath allowed you the dissolution of your oaths
                a
                Note [original edition] : God hath allowed you the dissolution of your oaths;] By having appointed an expiation for that purpose9: or, as the words may be translated, God hath allowed you to use an exception in your oaths, that is, to add the words, if it please God; in which case a man is excused from guilt if he perform not his oath10. The passage, tho’ directed to all the Moslems in general, seems to be particularly designed for quieting the prophet’s conscience in regard to the oath above mentioned: but Al Beidawi approves not this opinion, because such an oath was to be looked upon as an inconsiderate one, and required no expiation.
                • 9 See chap. 5. p. 94.
                • 10 Al Beidawi.
                : and God is your master; and he is knowing and wise.
                3
                When the prophet intrusted as a secret unto one of his wives a certain accident; and when she disclosed the same, and God made it known unto him; he acquainted her with part of what she had done, and forbore to upbraid her with the other part thereof. And when he had acquainted her therewith, she said, Who
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                hath discovered this unto thee? He answered, The knowing, the sagacious God hath discovered it unto me
                a
                Note [original edition] : When the prophet intrusted as a secret unto one of his wives a certain accident, &c.] When Mohammed found that Hafsa knew of his having injured her, or Ayesha, by lying with his concubine Mary on the day due to one of them, he desired her to keep the affair secret, promising, at the same time, that he would not meddle with Mary any more; and foretold her, as a piece of news which might soothe her vanity, that Abu Becr and Omar should succeed him in the government of his people. Hafsa, however, could not conceal this from Ayesha, with whom she lived in strict friendship, but acquainted her with the whole matter: whereupon the prophet, perceiving, probably by Ayesha’s behaviour, that his secret had been discovered, upbraided Hafsa with her betraying him, telling her that God had revealed it to him; and not only divorced her, but separated him from all his other wives for a whole month, which time he spent in the apartment of Mary. In a short time, notwithstanding, he took Hafsa again, by the direction, as he gave out, of the angel Gabriel, who commended her for her frequent fasting and other exercises of devotion, assuring him likewise that she should be one of his wives in paradise1.
                • 1 Idem, Al Zamakh.
                .
                4
                If ye both be turned unto God (for your hearts have swerved) it is well: but if ye join against him, verily God is his patron; and Gabriel, and the good man among the faithful, and the angels also are his assistants
                b
                Note [original edition] : If ye both, &c.] This sentence is directed to Hafsa and Ayesha; the pronouns and verbs of the second person being in the dual number.
                  .
                  5
                  If he divorce you, his Lord can easily give him in exchange other wives better than you, women resigned unto God, true believers, devout, penitent, obedient, given to fasting, both such as have been known by other men, and virgins.
                  6
                  O true believers, save your souls, and those of your families, from the fire whose fewel is men and stones, over which are set angels fierce and terrible
                  c
                  Note [original edition] : See chap. 74, and the Prelim. Disc. §. IV. p. 92.
                    ; who disobey not God in what he hath commanded them, but perform what they are commanded.
                    7
                    O unbelievers, excuse not yourselves this day; ye shall surely be rewarded for what ye have done
                    d
                    Note [original edition] : O unbelievers, &c.] These words will be spoken to the infidels at the last day.
                      .
                      8
                      O true believers, turn unto God with a sincere repentance: peradventure your Lord will do away from you your evil deeds, and will admit you into gardens, through which rivers flow; on the day whereon God will not put to shame the prophet, or those who believe with him: their light shall run before them, and on their right hands
                      e
                      Note [original edition] : See chap. 57. p. 438.
                        , and they shall say, Lord, make our light perfect, and forgive us: for thou art almighty.
                        9
                        O prophet, attack the infidels with arms, and the hypocrites with arguments; and treat them with severity: their abode shall be hell, and an ill journey shall it be thither.
                        10
                        God propoundeth as a similitude unto the unbelievers, the wife of Noah, and the wife of Lot: they were under two of our righteous servants, and they deceived them both
                        f
                        Note [original edition] : The wife of Noah, and the wife of Lot, &c.] Who were both unbelieving women, but deceived their respective husbands by their hypocrisy. Noah’s wife, named Wâïla, endeavoured to persuade the people her husband was distracted; and Lot’s wife, whose name was Wâhela (tho’ some writers give this name to the other, and that of Wâïla to the latter), was in confederacy with the men of Sodom, and used to give them notice when any strangers came to lodge with him, by a sign of smoke by day, and of fire by night2.
                        • 2 Jallal. Al Zamakh.
                        ;
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                        wherefore their husbands were of no advantage unto them at all, in the sight of God
                        a
                        Note [original edition] : Wherefore their husbands were of no advantage unto them, in the sight of God:] For they both met with a disastrous end in this world 1, and will be doomed to eternal misery in the next. In like manner, as Mohammed would insinuate, the infidels of his time had no reason to expect any mitigation of their punishment, on account of their relation to himself and the rest of the true believers.
                        • 1 See chap. 11. p. 179. and p. 183, and 184.
                        : and it shall be said unto them, at the last day, Enter ye into hell fire, with those who enter therein.
                        11
                        God also propoundeth as a similitude unto those who believe, the wife of Pharaoh
                        b
                        Note [original edition] : The wife of Pharaoh;] viz, Asia, the daughter of Mozâhem. The commentators relate, that because she believed in Moses, her husband cruelly tormented her, fastening her hands and feet to four stakes, and laying a large milstone on her breast, her face, at the same time, being exposed to the scorching beams of the sun: these pains, however, were alleviated by the angels shading her with their wings, and the view of the mansion prepared for her in paradise, which was exhibited to her on her pronouncing the prayer in the text: at length God received her soul; or, as some say, she was taken up alive into paradise, where she eats and drinks 2.
                        • 2 Jallal. Al Zamakh
                        ; when she said, Lord, build me a house with thee in paradise; and deliver me from Pharaoh and his doings, and deliver me from the unjust people:
                        12
                        and Mary the daughter of Imran; who preserved her chastity, and into whose womb we breathed of our spirit
                        c
                        Note [original edition] : See chap. 19. p. 250, &c.
                          , and who believed in the words of her Lord, and his scriptures, and was a devout and obedient person
                          d
                          Note [original edition] : On occasion of the honourable mention here made of these two extraordinary women, the commentators introduce a saying of their prophet, That among men there had been many perfect, but no more than four of the other sex had attained perfection; to wit, Asia, the wife of Pharaoh; Mary, the daughter of Imrân; Khadîjah, the daughter of Khowailed (the prophet’s first wife); and Fâtema, the daughter of Mohammed.
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                            Postnikov ?, 1716Context
                            X
                            ГЛАВА О ЗАЩИЩЕНИИ.
                            СОДЕРЖИТ ДВАНАДЕСЯТЬ СТИХОВ, ПИСАННЫХ В МЕДИНЕ.
                            Во имя бога щедраго, и милостиваго :
                            1
                            О пророче ! незапрещаи ради удоволствования твоих жен, творити еже бог ти повеле, он есть щедр и милостив.
                            2
                            Он вам повеле творити, что позволено есть в законе вашем, он есть Господь ваш, он весть вся, и есть преразумныи.
                            3
                            Егда пророк поиде посещати едину от жен своих, бог ему откры, что она восхоте ему сказати, он о сем испыта некоторых, и остави иных. Тогда он сказа единои жене своеи, то что она хотела ему рещи ; она его вопросила, кто ему откры ; рече пророк : которыи знает все,
                            4
                            и повеле все открыти, да бы вы обратилися, ибо ваши сердца суть приклонени творити вам запрещеное, аще вы сотворите что противное пророку, знаите что бог есть его защититель. Ангел Гавриил, и все верные его сохранят. Ангели защитят его противу вас.
                            5
                            Аще он вас восхощет и изгнати, бог ему даст иных жен, на ваши места, которые ему будут послушни, правоверные, верные, униженные, кроткие, чистые, и непорочные.
                            6
                            О верующые в бога ! укрепляитеся вы, и укрепляите род ваш в послушании божии. Идолопоклонники будут горети во огни адском со идолами своими. Ангели не преслушают бога наказати их, они творят, что им повелевает.
                            7
                            О вы неверные ! Несть прощения вам, будете бо мучими по делом вашим !
                            8
                            О верующые ! покаитеся богу со униженностию, он оставит вам грехи ваша, и введет вас в раи, где текут многие реки. Светило веры предгрядет пророку, и сим которые последовали пророку. Когда бог будет их благодарити, тогда возглаголют : Господи даждь нам свет, и отпусти нам грехи наша, ты еси милосердыи.
                            9
                            О пророче ! Избии неверных, и нечестивых, укрепися противу их, ад будет их жилище.
                            10
                            Бог научает притче неверных, и рече : жены Ноевы, и жены Лотовы были ли под владением моих двух слуг добрых человек : они их оставили, токмо они не избежали от наказания за грехи своя. Сказано им, внидите во ад с сими, которые входят.
                            11
                            Бог показует притчу сим, которые последуют его закону. Зрите на жену фараонову, она проси бога и рече : Господи созижди ми дом в раю, и избави мя от фараона и от дел его, и от человек неправедных.
                            12
                            Мариа дщерь Иосафатова сохрани свое девство, дахом наш дух еи, она веровала словесем господа своего и писанию, она пребысть в числе сих, которые были послушни.
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                            Marracci, 1698Context
                            X

                            SURA LXVI.
                            PROHIBITIO.
                            MEDINENSIS :
                            COMMATUM DUORUM, & DECEM.
                            1
                            1.  O Propheta : quare prohibes id, quod concessit Deus tibi, dùm desideras placere uxoribus tuis ? & Deus est indulgens, Misericors.
                            2
                            2.  Jam sanxit Deus vobis dissolutionem juramentorum vestrorum : & Deus est patronus vester, & ipse est Sciens, Sapiens.
                            3
                            3.  Et memento, cùm occultè manifestavit Propheta (idest Mahumetus ) cuidam uxorum suarum (idest Haphsæ ) novum accidens (idest juramentum suum de non coeundo cum Maria. ) Cùmque illa narrasset hoc Aisæ  ; & manifestasset hoc Deus illi (idest Mahumeto ) notificavit ille Haphsæ partem illius, quod locuta fuerat cum Aisa  : & reticuit partem ejus, ne eam offenderet. Cùm autem Mahumetus retulisset eidem Haphsæ hoc, dixit illa  : Quis narravit tibi hoc ? Respondit Mahumetus  : Narravit mihi Sciens, Peritus.
                            4
                            4.  Si conversæ fueritis ad Deum, ò Haphsa, & ò Aisa, pęnitentiam agentes pro peccato vestro  : jam enim declinaverunt corda vestra : parcet vobis Deus. Si autem adversatæ fueritis ei (idest Mahumeto ) profectò Deus erit patronus ejus : & Gabriel, & probus quisque Fidelium, & Angeli post hoc erunt adjutores illius.
                            5
                            5.  Fortassè eveniet, ut Dominus ejus, si dimiserit vos, commutet illi uxores meliores vobis, Moslemas, Fideles, obedientes, devotas, pias, jejunio, & peregrinationi addictas, cognitas aliis viris, & virgines.
                            6
                            6.  O, qui crediderunt, eripite animas vestras, & domesticos vestros ab igne, cujus fomes sunt homines, & lapides. Super eum constituti sunt Angeli feroces, terribiles. Non sunt inobedientes Deo in eo, quod præcepit eis, & faciunt id, quod jubentur.
                            7
                            7.  O, qui infideles fuerunt, ne excusetis vos hodie : profectò rependetur vobis id, quod fuistis operati.
                            8
                            8.  O, qui crediderunt, convertimini ad Deum conversione vera. Fortassè eveniet, ut Dominus vester expiet à vobis mala vestra, & introducat vos in hortos, de sub quibus currunt flumina, die, qua non confundet Deus Prophetam, & eos, qui crediderunt cum eo. Lux eorum discurret ante eos, & in dextris eorum. Dicent : Domine noster, perfice nobis lucem nostram, & parce nobis : quippe tu es ad omnem rem potens.
                            9
                            9.  O Propheta, decerta contra infideles, & impios : & ferox esto contra eos ; & receptaculum eorum erit Gehenna : & infelix erit profectio ad illam.
                            10
                            10.  Proposuit Deus in exemplar iis, qui sunt infideles, uxorem Noe, & uxorem Lot. Fuerunt ambæ sub duobus servis ex servis nostris probis. 11.  Et deceperunt eos : neque illi profuerunt eis apud Deum quidquam. Et dictum fuit utrique earum  : Ingredimini in ignem cum cæteris ingredientibus.
                            11
                            12.  Et proposuit Deus in exemplar iis, qui crediderunt, uxorem Pharaonis, cùm dixit. Domine mi, ædifica mihi apud te domum in Paradiso, & libera me à Pharaone, & opere ejus : & libera me ab hominibus iniquis.
                            12
                            13.  Et Mariam filiam Amran, quæ custodivit virginitatem suam : & insufflavimus in eam de spiritu nostro, & credidit in verba Domini sui, & libros, & fuit ex obedientibus illi.
                            Note [original edition] : NOTÆ.
                            Habet Sura hæc Epigraphen التحريم Prohibitio  : non quia in ea prohibeat Mahumetus usum mellis, ut insulsè more suo scribit Hoctingerus ex Zamchascerio, cùm hìc de melle mentio nulla fiat : sed, quia revocatur à Deo prohibitio facta sibiipsi à Mahumeto cum juramento circa usum conjugii cum quadam ancilla sua, ut mox ostendemus. Est autem Sura Medinensis, versuum duodecim, quamvis ego tredecim reperiam. De pręmio eam legentis hæc habe من قراء سورة التحريم اتاه الله توبة نصوحة Qui legerit Suram Prohibitionis, concedet ei Deus pœnitentiam veram.
                            I.  O Propheta, quare prohibes. ] Explicat clariùs Gelal : لما تحرم ما احلّ لك الله من امتك مارية القبطية القبطية لما واقعها في بيت حفضة وكانت غاية وشق عليها ذلك في بيتها وعلى فراشها حيث قلت وهي على حرام Quare prohibes tamquam illicitum id, quod concessit tibi Deus circa Ancillam tuam Mariam Ægyptiam ? ( quia scilicet Mahumetus concubuerat cum ea in domo Haphsæ uxoris suæ ingenuæ, dùm illa abesset. Cùmque regressa esset, molestissimè tulit hoc fieri in domo sua, & in lecto suo ) dùm dicis : Hoc mihi illicitum est. Gelali consentit Jahias : ذلك ان حفصة زارت اباها فرجعت فوجدت رسول الله مع مارية ام ابراهيم في البيت فلما خرجت مارية دخلت حفصة على رسول الله فقالت اما انّي قد رايت من كان معك في البيت فقال والله لارصينك والله لا اطيها ابدًا فلا تخبري بهذا احدًا فانطلقت حفصة الى عايشة فاخبرتها فانزل الله يا ايها النبي الى قوله قد فرض الله لكم تحلة ايمانهم بقوله في سورة المايدة Hoc dicitur, quia Haphsa profecta fuerat ad visitandum patrem suum : & reversa invenit Legatum Dei cum Maria Matre Ebrahimi in domo sua. Egressa autem Maria, intravit Haphsa ad Legatum Dei, & dixit : Nonne ego vidi, quænam esset tecum in domo mea ? Cui Legatus Dei : Per Deum juro, me complaciturum tibi : per Deum juro, me nunquam imposterùm concubiturum cum ea. Quæso te, ne hoc dicas ulli. Sed Haphsa pergens ad Aisan retulit ei hoc totum. Quamobrem revelavit Deus hæc verba : O Propheta, &c. usque ad ea : Jam sanxit Deus vobis dissolutionem juramentorum vestrorum. Hoc autem sanxit in Sura Mensæ. Paulò aliter Zamchascerius : روى ان رسول الله ص خلا بمارية في يوم عايشة وعلمت بذلك حفصة فقال لها اكتمي عليّ وقد حرمت على نفسي فابشرك ان ابابكر وعمر يملكان بعدي امر امتي واخبرت به عايشة وكانتا متصادقتين وقيل خلا بها في يوم حفصة فارضاها بذلك واستكتمها فلم تكتم فطلقها واعتزل نسآءه ومكث تسعًا وعشرين ليلة في بيت مارية وروى ان عمر قال لها لو كان في آل الخطاب خير لما طلك : فنزل جبراييل وقال راجعها فانها صواّمة وانه لمن نسآيك في الجنة : وروى انه شرب عسلا في بيت زينب بنت حجش فتوطت عايشة وحفصة فقالتا لن انا نشمّ منك ريح المقافير وكان يكره رسول الله الثفل فحرّم العسل ومعناه لما تحرم ما احلّ الله لك من ملك اليمين او من العسل Fertur, Legatum Dei commercium habuisse cum Maria in die Aisæ destinato Cùmque hoc Haphsa rescivisset, dixit ei Mahumetus Ne cui hoc dixeris : jam enim interdixi mihi commercium cum Maria : & prænuncio tibi, Abubacrum, & Omarem imperaturos post me in gente mea. Sed Haphsa retulit hoc Aisæ : erant autem ambæ amicæ veraces inter se. Alii dicunt, Mahumetum rem habuisse cum Maria in die Haphsæ destinato : & proptereà in hoc ei complacuisse, eamque rogasse, ut hoc reticeret. Sed illa non reticuit : proptereà repudiavit eam, & separavit se ab uxoribus suis, & per mensem commoratus est in domo Mariæ. Fertur autem, Omarem dixisse Haphsę (Erat Omar filius Chottabi, pater Haphsę) Si fuisset in familia Chottabi opulentia, certè non dimisisset te (nota scilicet erat cupiditas, & avaritia Mahumeti apud suos.) Sed descendit Gabriel, & dixit Mahumeto : Reduc Haphsam ad te : est enim fœmina jejuniis, & orationibus dedita : & quidem ipsa erit ex uxoribus tuis in Paradiso. Alii dicunt, Mahumetum comedisse mel in domo Zeinebæ (seu Zenobiæ) filiæ Giahsci : &, cùm convenissent inter se Aisa, & Haphsa, dixerunt ei : Certè nos percepimus ex te odorem gummæ mellitæ. Mahumetus autem abhorrebat à melle crassiori : proptereà usum mellis interdixit. Sensus igitur verborum Alcorani est : Quare prohibes id, quod concessit tibi Deus circa Ancillas, vel circa mel ? Hactenùs Zamchascerius. Ex horum Authorum explicatione facilè intelligentur quædam in prima hujus Suræ parte obscuriora.
                            IV.  Jam enim declinaverunt corda vestra. ] Explicat Gelal : مالت قلوبكما الى تحريم مارية اى سركما ذلك مع كراهة النبي وذلك ذنب Inclinaverunt corda vestra ad prohibitionem Mariæ : nimirùm hoc vobis lætitia attulerat, licèt displiceret Prophetæ : & hoc fuit peccatum.
                            VI.  Angeli feroces. ] Alibi de his Angelis præfectis Gehennæ ad torquendos malos fit mentio in Alcorano : & dicuntur esse decem, ac novem. Vide ibi dicta.
                            VII.  Ne excusetis vos hodie. ] Finguntur hæc dici infidelibus, cùm ingressuri sunt Gehennam. Ita Gelal.
                            XI.  Et deceperunt eos. ] Quomodò hæ duæ fœminæ viros suos deceperint, & quænam hæ fuerint, ita explicat Gelal : خانتا هما في الدين اذ كفرتا وكانت امراة نوح واسمها واهلة تقول لقومه انه مجنون وامراة لوط واسمها واعلة تدلّ قومه على اضيافه اذ نزلوا به ليلا بايقاد النار ونهارًا Deceperunt eos in Religione, sectantes infidelitatem. Erat autem nomen uxoris Noe Vahela : & dicebat populo ejus, maritum suum esse maniacum. Uxor autem Lot, nomine Vaela, ostendebat genti ejus (nempè Sodomitis) hospites, qui divertebant ad eum : noctu signo ignis ; die verò indicio fumi.
                            XII.  Uxorem Pharaonis. ] De hac multa fabulantur Expositores : Sufficiat nunc audisse Gelalem, cujus hæc sunt verba : امنت بموسى واسمها آسية فعذّبها فرعون بان اوتد يديها ورجليها والقى على صدرها رحًا عظيمةً واستقبل بها الشمس فكانت اذا تفرق عنها من وكل بها ظللتها الملايكة واذ قالت رب ابن عندك لي بيتًا في الجنة فكشف لها قراءته فسهل عليها التعذيب فقبض الله روحها وقال ابن كيسان رفعت الى الجنة حية فهي تاكل وتشرب Credidit in Moysen : & nomen ejus erat Asia. Cruciavitque eam Pharao, alligans manus ejus, & pedes ejus ad quatuor paxillos terræ infixos, & ponens super pectus illius molam grandem, expositam vultu solaribus radiis relinquens. Sed, ubi discedebat ab ea is, qui illi custos appositus erat, Angeli umbram faciebant ei. Cùm autem dixisset : Domine mi, ædifica mihi apud te domum in Paradiso : ostensa fuit illi eadem domus, quamobrem levius factum est illi tormentum. Mox Deus recepit spiritum ejus. Et juxta Ebnocaisan elevata est in Paradisum viva, ubi comedit, & bibit. Eadem ferè habet Zamchascerius.
                            XIII.  Quæ custodivit virginitatem suam. ] Vox Arabica الفرج , propriè significat cunnum muliebrem  ; hoc tamen loco honestiùs virginitatem, seu verenda vertas. Quidam tamen Expositores, ut notat Zamchascerius, accipiunt pro apertura indusii ad collum, quam virgo custodivit, seu retinuit, & constrinxit, ne Gabriel insufflaret in eam. Gabriel enim, ut ait Gelal : نفخ في جيب درعها بخلق الله تعالى فعله الواصل الى فرجها فحملت بعيسى insuflavit in aperturam indulsii ejus ad collum, creante interim Deo opus suum, quod pervenit ad matricem ejus, ex quo concepit Jesum.
                              R
                              Note [original edition] : REFUTATIONES.
                              I. Magna, prorsùsque belluina Mahumeti hìc apparet lascivia, dùm in ea adeò impotens sui fuit, ut contra fas, & morem in aliena domo, ac lecto, cum insigni ingenuæ uxoris injuria, ancillam comprimere non erubuerit. Si hæc Mahumetus ipse non fateretur, vix credi possent.
                              II. Huic tàm effrenatæ libidini non minor impietas, animique levitas adjungitur. Jurat Haphsæ (ut aliqua ex parte injuriæ ipsi illatæ satisfaciat) se ancillam Ægyptiam prorsùs rejecturum. Ipsam rogat, ne cui facinus hoc suum propalet : utque ejus iras leniat, prænunciat, Omarem ipsius patrem summum imperium post se adepturum. Quid porrò erat, cur Mahumetus hoc tàm anxio studio celatum vellet, nisi, quia se graviter peccasse cognoscebat ? Quia verò Haphsa id Aisæ manifestavit, eam statim repudio facto à se rejecit. Adeò ne deliquerat Haphsa mulier ingenua, quamvis suapte natura parùm & linguæ, & secreti tenax, ut, quia cum amicissima sua (cui etiam insignis injuria à Mahumeto facta fuerat, dùm noctem sibi destinatam ancillæ concesserat) dolorem suum communicaverat, ut ab eo repudii libellum mereretur ? Meritò de hoc conquestus est Omar Haphsæ pater, simulque Mahumetum cupiditatis, & avaritiæ insimulavit, asserens, non dimissurum ipsum filiam suam, si è domo opulenta fuisset. Verùm, cùm vesanus homo in Ancillam rabido libidinis impetu ferretur, ne cum ipsa rursùs congrediendo, perfidus, & perjurus appareret : fingit, Deum sibi subiratum, quòd rem illicitam cum juramento Haphsæ promisisset : quamobrem non teneri ipsum ad servandam Haphsæ fidem, liberumque esse à jurejurando. Itaque ancillam rursùs recipit, nihil Haphsæ injuriam, nihil cæterarum uxorum querelas curans. Nec pudet scelestissimum hominem facere Deum authorem, & patronum perjuriorum, ac libidinum suarum. Porrò in hoc malum se Prophetam ostendit, quia jurejurando promiserit id, quod Deus erat improbaturus, non aliam ob causam, quàm, ut iratam sibi fęminam deliniret. Quòd verò quidam velint hìc agi de prohibitione mellis facta à Mahumeto in gratiam uxorum suarum, licèt ego non probem ; si tamen verum esset, summam in illo levitatem argueret.
                              III. Contra omnium Sacrarum Scripturarum authoritatem est ; torquendis peccatoribus in Gehenna Angelos bonos, Deoque obedientes, felices, & ab omni pœna immunes fuisse præpositos, eo, quòd, ut Mahumetani ajunt, qui alium torquet, non debeat ipse torqueri. Nullos enim Gehennam habitaturos esse præter malos Dæmones, & peccatores homines ex Sacris literis cognovimus.
                              IV. Ea, quæ hìc habentur de uxoribus Noe, Lot, & Pharaonis, præsertim cum expositorum appendicibus, tamquam fabulosa, & ex Thalmudica officina accepta, nullam fidem merentur. Et profectò, si ea, quæ de Asja Pharaonis uxore referuntur, vera essent, nunquam sacræ literę reticuissent.
                              V. Rursùs confundit Mariam Christi Matrem, cum Maria sorore Moysis, & Aaron, dùm eam filiam Amran appellat. Sed de hoc crassissimo illius errore jam superiùs fusè disseruimus.
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                                Du Ryer, 1647Context
                                X
                                LE CHAPITRE DE LA DEFFENCE, contenant douze versets, escrit
                                à la Medine.
                                AU Nom de Dieu clement & misericordieux.
                                1
                                O Prophete ne deffend pas pour le contentement de tes femmes, de faire ce que Dieu t’a permis, il est clement & misericordieux ;
                                2
                                il vous a ordonné de faire ce qui est permis par vostre loy, il est vostre Seigneur. Il sçait tout & est tres-sage.
                                3
                                Lors que le Prophete est allé visiter une de ses femmes, Dieu luy a revelé ce qu’elle luy vouloit dire, il en a approuvé une partie & en a desaprouvé l’autre, lors qu’il a dit à sa femme ce qu’elle avoit volonté de luy dite, elle luy a
                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                demandé qui luy avoit revelé ; Celuy qui sçait tout me l’a revelé,
                                4
                                afin que vous vous convertissiez, vos cœurs sont enclins à faire ce qui est deffendu, si vous faites quelque chose contre le Prophete, sçachez que Dieu est son protecteur, l’Ange Gabriel & tous les fidelles le deffendront, les Anges le protegeront contre vous ;
                                5
                                S’il vous veut repudier, Dieu luy donnera à l’advenir d’autres femmes en vostre place qui seront obeyssantes, vray croiantes, humbles, fidelles, devotes, contentes, douces, nettes, pucelles & non pucelles.
                                6
                                O vous qui croyez en Dieu, fortifiés vous vous & vos familles en l’obeyssance de ses commandemens, les Idolatres brusleront dedans le feu d’Enfer avec leurs Idoles, les Anges deputez pour les punir ne desobeyssent pas à Dieu, ils font tout ce qu’il leur commande.
                                7
                                O vous qui estes infidelles il n’y a point d’excuse pour vous, vous serez chastiez selon vos demerites.
                                8
                                O vous qui croyez, convertissez vous à Dieu avec affection, il vous pardonnera vos pechez, & vous fera entrer dans des jardins où coulent plusieurs fleuves, la lumiere de la foy marchera devant le Prophete & devant ceux qui l’ont suivy ; Lors que Dieu les recompensera ; Ils diront, Seigneur, donne nous ta lumiere, pardonne nous nos pechez, tu es tout-Puissant.
                                9
                                O Prophete combats les infidelles & les impies, fortifie toy contre eux, l’Enfer sera leur habitation.
                                10
                                Dieu enseigne une parabole aux infidelles, & dict ; les femmes de Noé & les femmes de Loth estoient soubs le pouvoir de mes deux serviteurs
                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                hommes de bien, elles les ont trahis, mais elles n’ont pas evité la punition de leur peché ; on leur a dit entrez dedans le feu d’Enfer avec ceux qui y entrent.
                                11
                                Dieu enseigne une parabole à ceux qui ensuivent sa loy, prenés exemple à la femme de Pharaon, elle a prié Dieu & a dit, Seigneur basty moy une maison en Paradis, delivre moy de Pharaon, de ses œuvres, & des personnes injustes.
                                12
                                Marie fille de Josaphat a conservé sa virginité, nous avons inspiré nostre esprit en elle, elle a creu aux paroles de son Seigneur & aux escritures ; elle estoit au nombre de celles qui obeyssoient.
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                                Arrivabene, 1547Context
                                X
                                In nome di Dio misericordioso, e Pio. CAPITOLO XLVIII.
                                1
                                Note [original edition] : Finge haver havuto da Dio la dispensatione de i giuramenti iscogitata essendo ritrovato da due delle sue mogli giacersi con Maria moglie di Giacobita Re.
                                • [B]
                                E TU PROPHETA perche statuisci l’illecito, posto da Dio, lecito per amor delle tue donne? Dio pio, e perdonatore,
                                2
                                sapiente, e signor di tutti, ti commando scancellar i giuramenti.
                                3
                                Al Propheta che favellara à una delle sue donne revelando certo, che disse ella. Chi ti ha manifestato questo? Et egli, Dio che sa il tutto,
                                4
                                alquale se tu ti convertirai, alienera ogni male dal tuo cuore, e se ostinatamente ti accosterai à gli incredoli, ne sarà testimoni gli Angeli, Gabriello, Gli huomini buoni, e Dio,
                                5
                                Ad alcuni repudianti forse Dio dara moglie piu limosinarie, in lor luogo, e vergini, e maritate,
                                8
                                voi huomini lasciando i peccati vostri rivoltatevi à Dio, perche egli forse perdonandovi vi darà il Paradiso.
                                9
                                Tu Propheta metti a sacco gli incredoli accioche ti temino.
                                10
                                Note [original edition] : Essempio.
                                • [B]
                                Alle donne sian essempio le donne di Noe, e di Loth, alle quali non giovò tanto la bonta de mariti che elle non fussero messe nel fuoco,
                                11
                                e delle credenti prendino l’essempio della donna di Pharaone,
                                Note [original edition] : Lauda Maria.
                                • [B]
                                e di Maria figliuola di Ioacchino, delle quali una prego Dio, che liberandola dalle mani di Pharaone, e dalle sue opere, e dalla gente cattiva le desse il Paradiso,
                                12
                                e l’altra Maria, cioè se dirizzando non fe opera alcuna malvagia. Onde in lei soffiammo l’anima confermante le vostre parole, & il libro e perseverando nel bene.
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                                Bibliander, 1550Context
                                X
                                AZOARA LXXVI.
                                In n. etc.
                                1
                                Cur tu propheta statuis, illicitum a Deo positum, licitum ob tuarum mulierum amorem ?
                                Note [original edition] : Fingit Deum permisisse dispensationem in re uxoria. quam dicunt excogitatam, cum uxores duae illum depraehendissent concubentem cum uxore Iacobitici regis.
                                  Deus quidem pius ueniaeque largitor,
                                  2
                                  omnium dominus sapiens et incompraehensibilis, tibi iuraiuranda delere praecepit.
                                  3
                                  Prophetae quandam suarum mulierum alloquenti, reuelando quoddam, illa respondit : Quis tibi uerbum illud aperuit ? At ille, Deus omnium scientissimus,
                                  4
                                  ad quem si conuerteris, omnibus malis cor tuum alienabit : Et si malis obstinaciter inhaeseris, Deus dominus uester, et Gabriel, angelique caeteri, hominesque boni testes aderunt.
                                  5
                                  Aliquibus autem repudiatis forsan Deus meliores, firmae fidei, iugiter orantes, et multum eleemosynarias, tum coniugatas tum uirgines, earum loco restituet.
                                  6
                                  Viri boni, uos uestramque gentem
                                  Note [original edition] : Inferorum custodes angeli.
                                    a foco nil nisi sulfur et homines comburente, cuius custodes sunt angeli feroces et immensi, nunquam a Dei praeceptis digredientes, summopere retrahite,
                                    7
                                    uosque increduli, die iudicii nullam praetendatis excusationem, cum Deus tantum uos secundum opera uestra iudicabit.
                                    8
                                    Vos uero uiri peccata uestra derelinquendo, ad Deum corde puro conuertamini. Ille namque forsan uobis peccata dimissurus,
                                    Note [original edition] : Incolae paradisi orant suam felicitatem augeri.
                                      paradisum aquis amoenam tribuet die, qua nec prophetae nec sibi credentibus dedecus inferetur, sed lucem ante se suae dextrae gustabunt, ipsique iugiter una uoce dicent : Tu Deus, quoniam omnipotens es, nostram lucem adaugendo nobis comple.
                                      9
                                      Tu propheta incredulos expugnatum et praedatum proficiscere, et ut te timeant, aggredere. Ipsi namque gehennam, uiamque malam semper insequentur.
                                      Note [original edition] : Incredulos armis subigendos dicit aperte, et prouerbium hic nullum dicit.
                                        10
                                        Note [original edition] : Exempla duo bonarum mulierum, totidemque malarum.
                                          ¶ Mulieribus incredulis exemplum sint mulieres Noem atque Loth, quibus nil profuit suorum maritorum bonitas, quin Deo praecipiente cum caeteris intrantibus focum aeternum ingressae sunt.
                                          11
                                          Credentes autem sibi sumant exemplum Pharaonis coniugem, et Mariam filiam Ioachim, quarum altera Deum iugiter precata est, ut ipsam a Pharaone, prauisque suis operibus, genteque mala liberans, sibi domum in paradiso strueret.
                                          12
                                          Note [original edition] : Mariam laudibus uehit.
                                            Altera uero, Maria uidelicet, se dirigendo nil maliciae seu prauitatis operata est. Unde animam insufflauimus illi, nostra uerba librumque confirmanti, et in bonitate perseueranti.
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                                            Al-Ǧalālayn, 1465-6Context
                                            X
                                            سورة التحريم
                                            1
                                            «يا أيها النبي لم تحرم ما أحل الله لك» من أمَتِكَ مارية القبطية لما واقعها في بيت حفصة وكانت غائبة فجاءت وشق عليها كون ذلك في بيتها وعلى فراشها حيث قلت: هي حرام عليَّ «تبتغي» بتحريمها «مرضات أزواجك» أي رضاهن «والله غفور رحيم» غفر لك هذا التحريم.
                                            2
                                            (قد فرض الله) شرع (لكم تحلة أيمانكم) تحليلها بالكفارة المذكورة في سورة "" المائدة "" ومن الإيمان تحريم الأمة وهل كفّر صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال مقاتل: أعتق رقبة في تحريم مارية، وقال الحسن: لم يكفّر لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم مغفور له (والله مولاكم) ناصركم (وهو العليم الحكيم).
                                            3
                                            «و» اذكر «إذ أسرَّ النبي إلى بعض أزواجه» هي حفصة «حديثا» هو تحريم مارية وقال لها لا تفشيه «فلما نبأت به» عائشة ظنا منها أن لا حرج في ذلك «وأظهره الله» أطلعه «عليه» على المنبأ به «عرَّف بعضه» لحفصة «وأعرض عن بعض» تكرما منه «فلما نبأها به قالت من أنبأك هذا قال نبأني العليم الخبير» أي الله.
                                            4
                                            «إن تتوبا» أي حفصة وعائشة «إلى الله فقد صغت قلوبكما» مالت إلى تحريم مارية، أي سركما ذلك مع كراهة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم له وذلك ذنب، وجواب الشرط محذوف أي تقبلا، وأطلق قلوب على قلبين ولم يعبر به لاستثقال الجمع بين تثنيتين فيما هو كالكلمة الواحدة «وإن تظَّاهرا» بإدغام التاء الثانية في الأصل في الظاء، وفي قراءة بدونها تتعاونا «عليه» أي النبي فيما يكرهه «فإن الله هو» فصل «مولاه» ناصره «وجبريل وصالح المؤمنين» أبو بكر وعمر رضي الله عنهما معطوف على محل اسم إن فيكونون ناصريه «والملائكة بعد ذلك» بعد نصر الله والمذكورين «ظهير» ظهراء أعوان له في نصره عليكما.
                                            5
                                            «عسى ربه إن طلقكن» أي طلق النبي أزواجه «أن يبدِّله» بالتشديد والتخفيف «أزواجا خيرا منكن» خبر عسى والجملة جواب الشرط ولم يقع التبديل لعدم وقوع الشرط «مسلمات» مقرات بالإسلام «مؤمنات» مخلصات «قانتات» مطيعات «تائبات عابدات سائحات» صائمات أو مهاجرات «ثيبات وأبكارا».
                                            6
                                            «‌يا أيها الذين آمنوا قوا أنفسكم وأهليكم» بالحمل على طاعة الله «نارًا وقودها الناس» الكفار «والحجارة» كأصنامهم منها، يعني أنها مفرطة الحرارة تتقد بما ذكر لا كنار الدنيا تتقد بالحطب ونحوه «عليها ملائكة» خزنتها عدتهم تسعة عشر كما سيأتي في (المدثر) «غلاظ» من غلظ القلب «شداد» في البطش «لا يعصون الله ما أمرهم» بدل من الجلالة، أي لا يعصون أمر الله «ويفعلون ما يؤمرون» تأكيد والآية تخويف للمؤمنين عن الارتداد وللمنافقين المؤمنين بألسنتهم دون قلوبهم.
                                            7
                                            «يا أيها الذين كفروا لا تعتذروا اليوم» يقال لهم ذلك عند دخولهم النار، أي لأنه لا ينفعكم «إنما تجزون ما كنتم تعملون» أي جزاءه.
                                            8
                                            «يا أيها الذين آمنوا توبا إلى الله توبة نصوحا» بفتح النون وضمها صادقة، بأن لا يعاد إلى الذنب ولا يُراد العود إليه «عسى ربكم» ترجية تقع «أن يكفر عنكم سيئاتكم ويدخلكم جنات» بساتين «تجري من تحتها الأنهار يوم لا يجزي الله» بإدخال النار «النبي والذين آمنوا معه نورهم يسعى بين أيديهم» أمامهم «و» يكون «بأيمانهم يقولون» مستأنف «ربنا أتمم لنا نورنا» إلى الجنة والمنافقون يطفأ نورهم «واغفر لنا» ربنا «إنك على كل شيءٍ قدير».
                                            9
                                            «يا أيها النبي جاهد الكفار» بالسيف «والمنافقين» باللسان والحجة «واغلظ عليهم» بالانتهار والمقت «ومأواهم جهنم وبئس المصير» هي.
                                            10
                                            «ضرب الله مثلا للذين كفروا امرأة نوح وامرأة لوط كانتا تحت عبدين من عبادنا صالحين فخانتاهما» في الدين إذ كفرتا وكانت امرأة نوح واسمها واهلة تقول لقومه: إنه مجنون، وامرأة لوط واسمها واعلة تدل قومه على أضيافه إذا نزلوا به ليلا بإيقاد النار ونهارا بالتدخين «فلم يغنيا» أي نوح ولوط «عنهما من الله» من عذابه «شيئا وقيل» لهما «ادخلا النار مع الداخلين» من كفار قوم نوح وقوم لوط.
                                            11
                                            «وضرب الله مثلا للذين آمنوا امرأة فرعون» آمنت بموسى واسمها آسية فعذبها فرعون بأن أوتد يديها ورجليها وألقى على صدرها رحى عظيمة واستقبل بها الشمس فكانت إذا تفرق عنها من وكل بها ظللتها الملائكة «إذ قالت» في حال التعذيب «رب ابن لي عندك بيتا في الجنة» فكشف لها فرأته فسهل عليها التعذيب «ونجني من فرعون وعمله» وتعذيبه «ونجني من القوم الظالمين» أهل دينه فقبض الله روحها، وقال ابن كيسان: رفعت إلى الجنة حية فهي تأكل وتشرب.
                                            12
                                            «ومريم» عطف على امرأة فرعون «ابنة عمران التي أحصنت فرجها» حفظته «فنفخنا فيه من روحنا» أي جبريل حيث نفخ في جيب درعها بخلق الله تعالى فعله الواصل إلى فرجها فحملت بعيسى «وصدقت بكلمات ربها» شرائعه «وكتبه» المنزلة «وكانت من القانتين» من القوم المطيعين.
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